内蒙古几个沙地土壤理化性状调查研究

本文对内蒙古科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地和库布齐沙漠土壤理化性质进行了调查研究。结果表明：在土壤0～60cm土层范围内，库布齐沙漠土壤容重平均为1．45g／cm^3，科尔沁沙地为1．50g／cm^3。科尔沁沙地各类土壤平均养分含量分别为：全氮0．042％，全磷0．018％，全钾2．706％，速效磷3．274mg／kg，速效钾35．190mg／kg，有机质9．095g／kg，pH值7．5；在库布齐沙漠：全氮0．014％，全磷0．035％，全钾1．808％，速效磷1．353mg／kg，速效钾67．360mg／kg，有机质平均含量为6．216g／kg，pH值为9；在浑善达克沙地：速效磷4．032mg／kg，速效钾67．247mg／kg，有机质含量为7．450g／kg，pH值为7．5。土壤微生物在沙地土壤养分循环过程中具有重要的作用，土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌平均数量在库布齐沙漠分别为：2．4×10^3个／g（土）、1．8×10^5个／g（土）和1．8×10^6个/g（土）；科尔沁沙地分别为：6．6×10^4个／g（土）、3．8×10^5个／g（土）、1．3×10^6个／g（土）。在土壤微生物群落结构中，细菌大约占73．5％-91．9％，放线菌约占7．8％-22．5％，真菌数量最小。土壤有机质含量是影响微生物数量的主要因子，二者间具有良好的线性相关关系。

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Several Sandy Lands in Inner Mongolia

The physical and chemical properties of soils were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, Hunshandake Sandy Land and Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia. The results indicate that, within 0 - 60 cm soil layer, average soil bulk density of Kubuqi Desert and Horqin Sandy Land are 1.45 g/cm3, 1.50 g/cm^3. In Horqin Sandy Land, total nitrogen is 0. 042%, total phosphorus is 0. 018%, total potassium is 2. 706%, available phosphorus is 3. 274 mg/kg, available potassium is 35. 190 mg/kg, organic matter is 9. 095 g/kg, pH value is 7.5. In Kubuqi Desert, total nitrogen is 0. 014%, total phosphorus is 0. 035%, total potassium is 1. 808%, available phosphorus is 1. 353 mg/ kg, available potassium is 67. 360 mg/kg, organic matter is 6. 216 g/kg, pH value is 9. In Hunshandake Sandy Land, soil available phosphorus is 4. 032 mg/kg, available potassium is 67. 247 mg/kg, organic matter is 7. 450 g/ kg, pH value is 7.5. The number of soil epiphyte, ray fungi and bacteria in Kubuqi desert seperately are 2. 4 × 10^3/g（soil）, 1.8 × 10^5/g（soil） and 1.8 × 10^6/g（soil）, and in Horqin Sandy Land, it is 6. 6 × 10^4/g（soil）, 3.8 × 10^5/g（soil） and 1.3 × 10^6/g（soil）. Among the community structure of soil microorganisms, bacteria take up 73.5% -91.9%, ray fungi take up 7.8% -22. 5%. The number of microbiology is closely related with soil organic content.