不同生育期大豆的农艺性状遗传参数分析

笔者对377份不同生育期的大豆品种与主要农艺性状的遗传参数进行了研究。结果表明:(1)在选育新品种时,若以全生育期、荚长、单株荚数、单株粒数进行选择可望获得早熟、高产新品种;若以荚长、荚宽进行间接选择可望获得大粒新品种。(2)不同生育期类型各品种间产量构成因素均达极显著水平,早熟品种的单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、百粒重的处理间达极显著水平。(3)早熟品种的茎粗、全生育期的变异系数最大;中熟品种的株高、结荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量的变异系数最大;晚熟品种荚长、荚宽、百粒重的变异系数最大。(4)单株荚数、单株粒数的遗传力较低,而遗传进度较高;百粒重、单株产量的遗传力较高,遗传进度较低。

The Genetic Parameter Analysis of Agricultural Characteristic in Life Period of Soybean

The genetic parameters of life period and main agronomic traits of the 377 soybean cultivars were studied. The results show: (1) The new early-maturing and high-yield cultivars are expected by selecting according to the full life period, pod length, pod number pear plant and seed number per plant, the new big-seed cultivars according to the pod length and width. (2) The yield components are significantly different among the breeds of the different life period form. (3) The early-maturing breed has the highest variance coefficients of stem size and full life period; the middle-maturing breed has the highest variance coefficients of plant height, podding height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant and yield per plant; the late-maturing breed has the highest variance coefficient of pod length, pod width and hundred-seed weight. (4). The pod number and seed number per plant has lower hereditary capacities and higher genetic advances; the hundred-seed weight and yield per plant heve the higher hereditary capacities and lower genetic advances.