新疆南部农区鼠害调查与成因分析

南疆农区鼠害严重，但基础资料不足。为摸清当地鼠害发生特点，提供有效治理依据，本研究于2018年-2019年在南疆5地州39乡64村开展实地与问卷调查，并采用夹捕法调查害鼠种群构成。结果表明，南疆5地州农村普遍遭受鼠害影响，喀什与和田地区农田受害比例达89.4%,问卷结果表明农户和农田鼠害发生率均大于75%,且西部地区重于东部，约一半受访农户估计每年因鼠害损失超过500元。褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus是农户主要害鼠，占比超过70%;农田则以小家鼠Mus musculus和乌拉尔姬鼠Apodemus uralensis为主。这些结果表明，南疆农区鼠害处于重发态势，褐家鼠是主要鼠害来源，并有外来入侵风险。下一步应聚焦于监测主要害鼠种群动态规律，阐明褐家鼠来源和侵入机制，并探索建立适于当地的害鼠防治模式。

Survey and cause analysis of rodent damage in agricultural areas in southern Xinjiang

In recent years, damages caused by rodent pests are more and more heavy in agricultural areas of southern Xinjiang. However, there is little literature or information to develop a specific management strategy for rodents. To investigate the local characters of rodent pests, we conducted three surveys via questionnaire or field-observation in 64 villages, belonging to 39 towns of five prefectures, and investigated the relative density and the composition of rodent species by snap-trapping method in 2018 and 2019. Our results showed that rural areas of the five prefectures in southern Xinjiang are generally infested by pest rodents. The occurrence rates of rodent damage were 89.4% in croplands of Kashgar and Hetian prefectures. Over 75% of the investigated farmhouses were suffering with pest rodents. Moreover, the situation in western regions was much more serious than the eastern regions. Half of farmers interviewed lost more than 500 RMB every year. According to the captured data, Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the main rodent pest for its proportion over 70% in rodent community in the farmhouse areas, while, house mouse (Mus musculus) and Ural field mouse (Apodemus uralensis) are two kinds of main pests with 75% of proportion of rodent community in cropland areas. These results suggested that rodent damage in the agricultural areas of southern Xinjiang is at a serious level, and the R. norvegicus is the main source of damage with a risk of foreign invasion. In future, we should focus on the monitoring of the population dynamic of those main rodent species and the invasion mechanism of R. norvegicus to explore the effective management strategy for rodent pests in southern Xinjiang.