美国苜蓿产业发展及其对中国的启示

美国是世界苜蓿生产大国。美国苜蓿产业从最初的发展到如今的发达,乃至支撑了强大的畜牧业发展和节能减排,经历了一条漫长的道路,也积累了宝贵的经验。"三聚氰胺"事件后,美国苜蓿对中国奶牛业和牧草产业的影响越来越大。通过对美国苜蓿产业发展历史及现状的分析,总结其在种植、加工和进出口贸易方面积累的宝贵经验,发现中国需要从规模化水平提高、机械补贴制度完善、苜蓿良种体系和苜蓿产品可追溯体系建设及与国际市场接轨等方面推进苜蓿产业不断发展。预期中国高端苜蓿草依赖美国的局面还将持续一段时期,但随着中国苜蓿产业在发展规模、整体素质、经营模式等方面的持续快速发展,最终还是主要依靠国内解决优质牧草短缺问题。

Alfalfa Industry Development of America and Its Enlightenment to China

The United States is one of the biggest alfalfa production countries in the world. From the initial development, until now American alfalfa industry supports the powerful animal husbandry and makes great contribution to the energy conservation and emission reduction, the alfalfa industry has experienced a long history and accumulated valuable experience. After the ＂melamine＂ incident, the influences of alfalfa production of the United States on China＇s dairy industry and forage industry are more and more important. Through the analysis of the history and current situation of alfalfa industry development of the United States, this article summarized ist valuable experience including planting, processing and international trade, and found that China should constantly improve alfalfa industry development by improving the scale level, perfecting the mechanical subsidy system, establishing alfalfa varieties system and alfalfa products traceability system as well as integrating with the world market. This article expected that China＇s high-end alfalfa market would still depend on the United States for an extended period, but with the persistent and rapid development of alfalfa industry in scale, overall quality and management modes, China would eventually rely on domestic alfalfa production to solve problems of high-quality alfalfa shortage.