揭膜对花生生长发育、干物质积累和产量的影响

为探讨新疆地区膜下滴灌条件下花生栽培模式,于2015年以高产油用大花生新品种花育36号为试材,利用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究花前揭膜(UPF)和全生育期覆膜(MPF)2种种植方式对花生生长发育、各器官干物质积累动态变化和荚果产量的影响。结果表明,在UPF和MPF 2种方式下,花育36号的农艺性状、各器官干、鲜质量动态变化以及荚果产量间均存在不显著差异。与MPF种植方式相比,UPF方式有利于增加花生主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、主茎绿叶数和主茎节数等。同时,UPF前期根茎叶和荚果的鲜质量以及根茎叶各器官的干质量均大于MPF,但荚果的干质量小于MPF,UPF下的荚果减产871.3 kg/hm2,减产率为8.1%。在综合考虑环境保护和花生种植效益的前提下,UPF种植方式是可行的,采用该种植方式不但能够较好的利用地膜前期的正向效应,而且大大提高了残膜回收率并增加花生秸秆的附加值。

Effects of Uncovering Plastic Film on Growth Development,Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Peanut

In order to discuss peanut cultivation patterns under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang areas.A new peanut cultivar Huayu 36 was used as testing material and was planted in 2015.Based on the methods of field experiments and laboratory analysis,we analyzed the effects of two cultivation patterns,including uncovering plastic film(UPF)and mulching plastic film(MPF)on growth development,dry matter accumulation dynamic changes and pod yield of peanut.The results showed that there were some differences among the main agronomic traits,the dry and fresh weight dynamic changes per organ and the total pod yield for Huayu 36 under UPF and MPF pattern,but the differences were not significant.Compared with MPF pattern,UPF pattern contributes to enhance the main stem height,lateral branch length,branch number,main stem green leaves number and main stem nodes number of peanut and so on.Meanwhile,in earlier stage of UPF,the fresh weight and dry matter weight of roots,stems and leaves were higher than MPF′s,but the dry matter weight of pods were lower than MPF′s,and in the condition of UPF, the pod yield cut down 871.3 kg/ha,the yield reduction rate was 8.1%.Therefore,under the premise of considering environmental protection and peanut planting benefit,UPF is a feasible cultivation pattern,this pattern not only better utilize positive effect in earlier stage of plastic film,but also enhance the recycling rate of plastic film residue and increase the added value of peanut straws to some extent.