不同配比蚯蚓粪与酒糟对烤烟生长和品质的影响

为寻求烟叶品质提升新途径,通过大田试验,设置蚯蚓粪与酒糟不同配比研究其对烤烟生长发育及烟叶化学品质的影响,以期为陕南烟区合理施肥提供依据。供试烤烟品种为K326,试验设6个处理:CK(常规施肥);T1(蚯蚓粪生物肥2 400 kg/hm~2);T2(蚯蚓粪生物肥1 800 kg/hm~2+酒糟600 kg/hm~2);T3(蚯蚓粪生物肥1 200 kg/hm~2+酒糟1 200 kg/hm~2);T4(蚯蚓粪生物肥600 kg/hm~2+酒糟1 800 kg/hm~2);T5(酒糟2 400 kg/hm~2)。结果表明:蚯蚓粪与酒糟均能有效促进烤烟生长,改善烤烟农艺性状,提升烟叶化学品质,其中以T2(蚯蚓粪生物肥1 800 kg/hm~2+酒糟600 kg/hm~2)处理作用效果最佳。具体表现为:与CK相比,T2处理在圆顶期及成熟期烟叶总氮含量分别提高60.60%,14.86%,全钾含量分别提高46.37%,34.59%,还原糖含量分别提高7.80%,32.50%;同时,T2处理烤后烟叶化学成分协调性明显优于其他处理,烤后化学品质各项指标均在适宜范围内。因此,在陕南烟区推荐使用蚯蚓粪生物肥1 800 kg/hm~2+酒糟600 kg/hm~2的施肥模式。

Effect of Different Ratio of Vermicompost and Vinasseon Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To seek new ways to improve the quality of tobacco,a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of vermicompost and vinasse on improving the growth and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco using K326 as materials.Six treatments were set up,which were CK (conventional fertilization);T1 (vermicompost 2 400 kg/ha);T2(vermicompost 1 800 kg/ha and vinasse 600 kg/ha);T3 (vermicompost 1 200 kg/ha + vinasse 1 200 kg/ha);T4(vermicompost 600 kg/ha + vinasse 1 800 kg/ha);T5 (vinasse 2 400 kg/ha),respectively.The results showed that vermicompost and vinasse could improve the plant growth,enhance the agronomic traits and chemical component of flue-cured tobacco,especially for the T2 (vermicompost 1 800 kg/ha and vinasse 600 kg/ha).The content of total nitrogen,total potassium and sugar content at topping stage were increased by 60.60％,46.37％ and 7.80％,while those at maturing stage were increased by 14.86％,34.59％,32.50％,as compared with CK,respectively.It also exhibited appropriate chemical property under T2 treatment.In conclusion,applying with vermicompost 1 800 kg/ha and vinasse 600 kg/ha can be suggested as a suitable fertilization models in tobaccogrowing areas in Southern Shaanxi Province.