碳汇草及其碳汇机制

《京都议定书》框架下的碳减排机制，主要有太阳能、风能、水能及地热能等的利用，碳捕获与碳封存技术（CCS），工业减排和碳汇林的种植等。事实证明，上述机制没有改变也不能遏制大气中CO2急剧上升的态势。为此，笔者首次提出碳汇草的碳汇机制和界定方法。碳汇草通过多次刈割封存，可实现生物质的飞跃大增产。经中国质量认证中心核算，碳汇草每年的净碳汇量为210 thm2，碳汇量巨大。目前，全球森林面积在不断减少，碳储总量不断下降，开发新的碳汇机制迫在眉睫。由于森林不能刈割封存，碳汇草50年的“碳汇增量”，是相同面积森林“碳汇增量”的约650倍，可实现大气CO2负增长。据测算，大气中CO2总量约3.11万亿t，封存6 661亿t植物碳产品可捕碳9 725亿t，CO2浓度即可从当前的0.04%降低到工业革命前的0.027 5%；仅需边际性土地、污染需治理土地、湿地与水面等约1亿hm2种植面积。项目的实施，可降低和提前CO2峰值，调节温室效应，消除雾霾，减缓全球气候变暖，创造巨大的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益，实现经济社会发展、环境保护与应对气候变化的共赢。 

Carbon Sink Grass and Its Carbon Sink Mechanism

The carbon emission reduction mechanism proposed by the Kyoto Protocol includes application of solar energy，wind power，hydropower and geothermal energy，carbon capture and storage（CCS），industrial emission reduction and carbon sink forest planting.However，such mechanisms do not actually restrain dramatic increase of atmospheric CO2.To resolve this crisis，a novel carbon sink mechanism-carbon sink grass planting was raised，and definition of carbon sink grass was confirmed in the present study.The carbon sink grass could rapidly accumulate biomass by repeated mowing，sequestration and conservation.Audited by China Quality Certification Center，the net carbon sink amount of carbon sink grass was 210 thm2 per annum.Nowadays，the global forest area and the total carbon storage are continuously decreasing，therefore the exploitation of novel carbon sink mechanism is quite urgent.Compared with the forest resources，the totally carbon sink increment in 50 years of grass is approximately 650-fold of that of the forest in same proportion.According to estimates，the total amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 3.11 trillion ton.Supposed 6 661 trillion ton plant carbon products could capture 9 725 trillion ton CO2 from the atmosphere，then the atmosphere CO2 concentration would decline from 0.04% to 0.0275%，which is equivalent to the CO2 concentration before industrial revolution，and to achieve this goal need plant only about 1 billion hectares of carbon sink grass.Moreover，the extremely strong survivability ensures the carbon sink grass could be planted in marginal land，polluted land，wetlands and water instead of farmlands.The novel mechanism initiated in the present research could control the global climate change and the greenhouse effect by regulating the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.This project could not only resolve climate deterioration and environmental issues，but also obtain abundant biomass resources.