油料作物种子形成及老化过程中的生理生化变化

油料作物种子形成过程首先是积累糖、淀粉,接着大量形成脂肪、蛋白质等,从糖类的积累转入脂肪积累伴随着EMP和HMP两条途径;主要物质的合成和积累速率与各自相关调控酶活性变化基本一致。种子老化能导致种子活力下降,影响发芽出苗、植株生长发育和产量、品质。抗氧化相关酶活力下降,质膜过氧化作用及其产物增加,导致膜结构和功能受损,内溶物质外渗,有害物质积累,代谢作用紊乱,是种子老化、活力丧失的生理因素。本文提出了油料作物种子形成及老化过程生理生化研究中存在的不足及今后的重点。

Physiological and biochemical changes during seed development and aging process in oil crops

Before the accumulation of fat and protein,the first step of seed development is accumulating sugar and starch in oil crops.Along with EMP and HMP routes,the accumulation of sugar turned into accumulation of fat.And the rates of synthesis and accumulation of sugar and fat were identical with the activities of correlative enzymes.Seed aging has negative effects on vigor of seed,germination percentage,plant development,yield and quality of oil crops.The physiological reasons why seed was aged and vigor of seed was lost could be that activity of antioxidant-enzymes was decreased,that per oxidation of membrane lipids was enhanced,that membrane-lipid was lost,that structure and function of membrane were damaged,that deleterious substance was increased,and that metabolize turbulence.The research insufficiency and key point of future in this area were described.