减量施肥对保护地土壤养分淋失及番茄产量的影响

田间试验研究了减量施肥对巢湖沿岸的保护地土壤养分淋失及番茄产量的影响。结果表明,习惯施肥用量高,氮、磷、钾施用量分别为番茄养分吸收量的6.41、11.01、3.31倍,导致土壤中一些中微量元素供应不足;减量施肥能提高番茄产量,而添加硫、硼、锌的改进减量施肥技术增产效果较好,分别比不施肥、习惯施肥、减量施肥增产20.0%、10.3%、8.9%。习惯施肥养分淋失明显,20—80 cm土层NO3--N和有效磷含量分别比对照高498.9、52.4 kg/hm2;改进减量施肥技术可使土壤NO3--N淋失量减少65.7%,有效磷并未向深层移动。因此,改进减量施肥技术是提高巢湖蔬菜生产基地的番茄产量,增加收入,减少氮、磷养分淋失,防止面源污染的平衡施肥技术。

Effect of reducing fertilizer application on soil nutrient leaching loss and tomato yield in plastic house

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the reducing fertilizer application to the leaching of soil nutrients and the tomato yield in plastic house. The results showed that，the amount of N, P, K of the conventional fertilization was high, which was 6.41, 11.01, 3.31 times higher than that of tomato nutrient uptake respectively. Reduced fertilization increased the tomato yield compared to conventional fertilization. Due to excessive fertilization could maintain a high content of available N, P, K in the soil, resulting in an inadequate supply of trace elements, consequently, added S, B, Zn fertilizer could enhance tomato yield by 20.0%, 10.3% and 8.9% compared to no fertilization, conventional fertilization and reducing fertilizer application, respectively. Leaching of NO^-₃-N and available P under conventional fertilization was significant, the contents in 20-80 cm soil layer were 498.9 and 52.4 kg/ha higher than CK, respectively. Reducing fertilizer application technology could reduce the leach out of NO^-₃-N by 65.7%,and available P by 100%. Thus the improved reducing fertilizer application was recommended under experiment condition because of its economic and environmental benefit.