我国牧区水利发展模式与对策研究

论述了区域性水草畜系统平衡是牧区生态水利的核心,在牧区水利建设中要树立解决草原生态退化问题主要依靠大自然自我修复能力的指导思想,以“水-草-畜”系统平衡为基础,研究提出了牧区水利建设的模式和目标,到2020年全国牧区基本达到冬季补饲水平,部分地区达到冬季舍饲水平,使全国2.25亿hm2可利用草原实现冬季轮牧、休牧和禁牧,尽快恢复草原生态和生产功能,并在广泛调研的基础上,提出了牧区水利建设中存在的问题和对策建议。

Development Mode & Target and Countermeasure of Water Conservancy in Pasturing Area of China

The date, from the eleventh five years plan beginning to 2020, is the important period for our society construction fully and harmoniously. According to the population in pasturing area, resource, environment, impersonal need for the harmonious development of economic society and deploying as a whole for affluent society and western exploitation, Water conservancy in pasturing area will consider the protection for grassland ecology and economic development in pasturing area as the strategic aim in this period. The paper discussed that balance of water-grass-livestock system is the core of pasturing area ecology. The water conservancy construction of pasturing area should establish the guideline of relying on natural rehabilitation to curb the degradation of grassland ecology and be based on balance of water-grass-livestock system. The paper put forward the development mode and target of water conservancy in pasturing area. By 2020 all pasturing areas throughout China will basically reach the level of winter supplement feeding and part pasturing areas the level of winter barn feeding so as to realize rotation grazing, fallow grazing and prohibited grazing in winter season in the available grassland of 225 million hm^2 in China and restore the grassland ecology and productivity as soon as possible. Based on a broad investigation the paper also put forward the current problems in water conservancy construction in pasturing area and their countermeasure.