不同菌剂对丰香组培苗生长发育和白粉病抗性的影响

以丰香草莓微繁殖苗为试材,分别以重茬土和混合基质为栽培基质,比较研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)菌剂、木霉(Trichoderma)菌剂和有效微生物群(EM)菌剂对草莓植株生长发育和生理生化指标、产量、白粉病抗性等的影响。结果表明,无论是重茬土还是混合基质,供试的3种微生物菌剂处理后均可促进丰香草莓微繁殖苗的生长势,提高草莓叶片叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉质量分数,增加果实产量,其中AMF菌剂处理的效果显著,其叶面积和叶片叶绿素质量分数均是CK的1.5倍左右,产量比CK增加68.6%(重茬土)、39.5%(混合基质)。AMF菌剂处理和木霉菌剂处理植株中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性是CK植株的2.6～5.5倍。在提高草莓微繁殖苗白粉病抗性上,木霉菌剂处理的效果最为显著,在重茬土和混合基质上,木霉菌剂处理植株的病情指数分别为36.7和19.2,分别为CK植株的51.8%和59.1%。

Effects of three microbial agents on the growth and powdery mildew resistance in micro-propagated plants of Toyonoka strawberry

Micro-propagated plants of strawberry cultivar Toyonoka were used as materials for studying the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),Trichoderma and effective microorganisms(EM)agents on growth and development,physiological and biochemical indicators,yield and powdery mildew resistance of plants cultivated on replanted soil or on mixed substrate.Results showed all 3 kinds of microbial agents improved the vigor of micro-propagated plants,increased the contents of chlorophyll,protein,soluble sugar and starch in leaves,enhanced the yield whether grown on replanted soil or mixed substrate.AMF agents had the most significant effects on the leaf area and chlorophyll content and about 1.5 times the con-trol,and the yield grown on replanted soil and mixed substrate were 68.6% and 39.5% higher than that of control.The activity of β-1,3-glucanase in AMF or Trichoderma treated plants was 2.6 to 5.5 times the control.Trichoderma agent had the most significant effect on increasing resistance to powdery mildew.The disease index of Trichoderma-treated plants grown on replanted soil and mixed substrate were 36.7 and 17.2 respectively,while for the control were 51.8% and 59.1% respectively.