土壤湿度对冬小麦产量及其构成因素的影响

为了解土壤温度对小麦产量的影响，以皖麦52为试验材料，通过3年的土壤水分控制试验，采用相关分析和回归统计等方法，确定了土壤湿度与冬小麦产量及其构成因素之间的函数关系和关键土层。结果表明，0～10 cm和0～20 cm土层土壤湿度为影响小麦产量及其构成因素的关键因素。返青、拔节和抽穗期0~10 cm或0~20 cm土层土壤湿度与小麦产量及其构成因素间的关系，基本可用二次回归方程进行拟合，但函数的显著性因小麦生育期和土层深度的不同而不同。得到的24个回归方程可以用于定量诊断土壤湿度变化对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。淮北平原冬小麦拔节与返青期0~10 cm或0~20 cm土层土壤湿度对小麦产量及构成因素影响较为明显，其中，对小麦成穗率、不孕小穗率和穗粒数的影响达显著水平。综合分析认为，淮北平原冬小麦高产稳产的0~10 cm或0~20 cm土层土壤适宜湿度为65%～80%。

Effect of Soil Moisture on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Wheat

A three-year water control trial with Wanmai 52 was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture at key depths on yield component and yield of winter wheat. The results indicated that,the relationships between soil moistures at 0~10 and 0~20 cm depth and wheat yield component and yield could be described by quadratic regression equation. Soil moisture at jointing and returning green stage had stronger effects on wheat yield component and yield,which significantly influenced the spike rate,sterile spikelet rate and grain number per spike.The optimum soil moisture was 65%~80% and the key soil depth were 0~10 cm and 0~20 cm,which was more conducive to the stable and high yield of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain. The results could be guidance for regional wheat cultivation and improvement of agronomic measures.