镉、铅积累与转运在冬小麦品种间的差异

在府河污灌区选取代表性农田，采用田间小区试验，研究了北方冬麦区适种的10个小麦品种对镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）积累与转运的差异，以期筛选出具有Cd、Pb低积累潜力且产量较高的小麦品种。结果表明，10个小麦品种的产量和籽粒中Cd、Pb含量在品种间存在不同程度的差异。石新633产量最高，为8 400 kg·hm^-2，较其他小麦品种高出7%~23%；石新828和济麦22次之，较其他小麦品种高出1%~15%；籽粒中Cd含量较低的是良星66和济麦22，分别比其他小麦品种低11%~48%和2%~42%。籽粒中Pb含量较低的是鲁元502和济麦22，分别比其他小麦品种低14%~49%和14%~40%。10个小麦品种籽粒中Cd、Pb含量均未超过食品安全国家标准的食品中污染物限量标准（GB 2762-2012）。对10个小麦品种籽粒和秸秆中的Cd、Pb含量进行聚类分析可知，济麦22、中麦175、良星66和鲁元502均属于籽粒、秸秆中Cd、Pb低积累类群。综合评价小麦产量、小麦地上部Cd、Pb含量、富集系数、转运系数等指标发现，济麦22为既高产且籽粒具有低积累Cd、Pb潜力的小麦品种，适宜在黄淮冬麦区北部Cd、Pb轻度污染区推广种植。

Differences of Cadmium and Lead Accumulation and Transportion among Winter Wheat Varieties

A Field experiment was carried out to study the differences of cadmium and lead accumulation and translocation among 10 cultivars of winter wheat in the north of China winter wheat region,which aimed to screen winter wheat cultivars with low accumulation ability of Cd,Pb in the irrigation farmland of the Fu River. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in yield,heavy metal (Cd,Pb) concentration in grain and straw among 10 wheat varieties.Shixin 633 performed the highest yield at 8 400 kg·hm^-2 (7% to 23% higher than that of other cultivars); Shixin 828 and Jimai 22 performed the higher yield (1% to 15% higher than that of other cultivars); Moreover,Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 had the lower concentration of Cd in grains(11% to 48% and 2% to 42% lower than that of other varieties); Luyuan 50 and Jimai 22 had the lower concentrationof Pb in grains(14% to 49% and 14% to 40% lower than that of other varieties),and the concentration of Cd,Pb of grains for all cultivars were less than the Maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 2762-2012). Cluster analysis of the heavy metal (Cd,Pb) concentration in grain and straw showed that the 10 cultivars could be sorted into three groups. Jimai 22,Zhongmai 175,Liangxing 66 and Luyuan 502 were Cd,Pb low-accumulation cultivars in the grain and straw. Based on yield,Cd and Pb levels in grain and straw,the Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs) and the Transportion Factors (TFs) of Cd and Pb from straw to grain,Jimai 22 showed high yield and low accumulation of Cd and Pb in winter wheats,which was suitable to be planted in farmland contaminated lightly with Cd and Pb in the north of Jianghuai winter wheat region.