减氮处理对不同小麦品种干物质积累及氮素转运特性的影响

为了解低氮对小麦的氮累积量、干物质累积量、产量及氮利用率的影响，在豫北高产田常规施氮量的基础上，研究了减氮处理下小麦品种漯麦18、豫麦49-198、西农509和豫农202开花期和成熟期氮素积累量、花前和花后干物质和氮素转运、积累特性及产量和氮素利用效率的差异。结果表明，减氮处理下，漯麦18和豫麦49-198开花期和成熟期的氮素积累量均大于西农509和豫农202，且氮素积累量下降幅度均小于后两个小麦品种；4个小麦品种花前贮存氮素对籽粒的贡献率均在73.78%以上，而花后氮素积累量对籽粒的贡献率较低；4个小麦品种花前干物质转运量对籽粒的贡献率为35.05%~39.71%，而花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率均高于60.29%。减氮处理后，漯麦18和豫麦49-198的产量、氮肥偏生产力和产投比均高于西农509和豫农202，产量降低幅度小于西农509和豫农202，植株氮素利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和产投比提高幅度均显著高于西农509和豫农202。说明减氮处理下种植漯麦18和豫麦49-198更有利于在获得较高产量的同时，提高氮素利用效率和经济效益，减少氮素损失。

Effect of Lower Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Translocation of Different Wheat Varieties

In order to clarify the difference on the accumulation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat varieties under lower nitrogen application, this study was conducted in high-yield field of Huaxian, located in the north of Henan Province. The results showed that under lower nitrogen application, the nitrogen accumulation at flowering and maturity of Luomai 18 and Yumai 49-198 were higher than that of Xinong 509 and Yunong 202, the decrease of nitrogen accumulation in Xinong 509 and Yunong 202 were less than Luomai 18 and Yumai 49-198;the contribution rate of nitrogen in vegetative organ to grain was more than 73.78%, but the contribution rate was lower after anthesis. The contribution rate of dry matter translocated to grain varied between 35.05% and 39.71% before anthesis, while it was higher than 60.29% after anthesis. Under lower nitrogen application, the yield, partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen and output ratio of Luomai18 and Yumai49-198 were higher than that of Xinong 509 and Yunong 202, and the yield of Luomai 18 and Yumai 49-198 decreased less than Xinong 509 and Yunong 202, their plant nitrogen use efficiency, partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen and output ratio were increased more than Xinong 509 and Yunong 202. As a result, under lower nitrogen application, Luomai 18 and Yumai 49-198 could achieve higher yield and improve the nitrogen use efficiency and economic efficiency, decrease the waste of nitrogen.