伞形科阿魏属和独活属花粉形态的比较研究

阿魏属和独活属都是伞形科中具有重要药用价值的植物。但是由于伞形科的分类系统是建立在典型的伞形花序和带有特殊分泌管的果实的基础之上的，使得分类学者在亚科、族、属和种的设立和分类方面存在分歧，实验主要针对阿魏属和独活属的花粉形状进行研究，对阿魏属和独活属植物的分类提供一些基础数据。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜拍摄了伞形科阿魏属5种和独活属3种植物的花粉照片，进行了花粉形态的比较研究。结果表明，阿魏属花粉形状为长球形，而独活属花粉为超长球形；2属花粉外壁均具有网状纹饰，3孔沟。阿魏属和独活属植物的极轴平均长度分别为29.67μm和34.07μm，秩和检验表明二者差异显著；赤道轴平均长度17.07μm和15.65μm，差异不显著；极轴长/赤道宽的平均值分别为1.76和2.19，差异显著。

A Comparison Study on Pollen Morphology Between Ferula and Heracleum of Umbelliferae

The genera of Ferula and Heracleum both are very important pharmaceutical plant of Umbelliferae. There are different opinions of the taxonomy on the subfamily, tribe, genus and species of Umbelliferae because the taxonomic system of Umbelliferae is based on the typical umbrella anthotaxy and its fruit with specific secretory tube. The pollen morphology is carefully observed in this test in order to provide several basic data for the taxa of Ferula and Heracleum. The pollen pictures of Ferula and Heracleum are taken under optical microscope and scan electrical microscope (SEM), respectively. The results show that the pollen forms of Ferula and Heracleum are prolate and perprolate, respectively, and there are 3 colporates with reticulate sculpture on the pollen exines of the both genuses. The average lengths of polar axis (L) of Ferula and Heracleum are 29.67 and 34.07μm in which there are significant difference by rank-sum test, but the average width of equatorial axis (W) are 17.07 and 15.65μm in which there are no significant difference, furthermore, the L/W are 1.76and 2.19 in which there are significant difference.