水稻短粒和矮秆突变体若干性状的研究

本试验研究了突变体和原品种杂交的F_1代主要性状的表现,以及F_2代主要性状的分离变异的表现。试验表明,利用突变体和原品种进行正反交,在考察的F_1代性状中,绝大多数性状具有超高值亲本的趋势。在正反交的F_2代中,多数性状的变异系数超过了它们的杂交亲本的变异系数,说明这些性状发生了突变,其中,矮秆突变,在正反交的F_2代呈3:1的分离,表明矮秆突变为受单隐性核基因控制,而短粒突变在正反交的F_2代中表现不一致,说明突变体82—350不仅带有单隐性核基因突变,而且细胞质基因也发生了突变。辐射诱发的这种突变,在水稻杂交育种和杂种优势利用中均有学术意义。

STUDY ON SOME CHARACTERS OF MUTANTS OF SHORT-GRAIN AND LOW-STEM OF RICE

The experiment has studied the main characters of the first hybrid generation ( F1 ) of mutants crossed with their parents as well as the segregation and variation of the main characters of the second hybrid generation (F2).It has heen shown that most of the characters of the first hybrid generation (F1) were superior to their better parents in the reciprocal crosses of mutants and their original parents.In the second hybrid generation ( F2) of the reciprocal crosses of the mutants and their original parents,the vara-tion coefficient of lots of characters were larger than their parents and that these characters have been mutated.Among the characters,low-stem mutant expressed 3:1 separation in the F2 of reciprocal crosses. The results showed the low-stem mutant was controlled by single recessive nuclear gene, while the segregation of short-grain mutant was not identical in the second hybrid generation ( F2 ) of the reciprocal crosses of the mutants and their original parents. So it showed the mutant 82-350 not only contained single recessive nuclear gene variation,but also showed its cytoplasmic gene mutation.The variations caused by radiation is of scientific significance in both rice cross breeding and rice heterosis utilization.