超级杂交稻两优培九的广适性分析

水稻广适性的内涵目前尚不明确,其筛选指标和鉴定方法也未见详细报道。两系法超级杂交稻两优培九已在南方稻区广范围、大面积种植近二十年,是2002年以来种植面积遥居首位的杂交稻。在总结和分析与其广适性密切相关农艺特性的研究和生产实践的基础上,提出杂交水稻广适性的内涵应包括两个方面:一是生态适应性广,即适宜生长的地域特别是纬度范围较大,这需要品种感光性不强,并且对不同生态稻区主要病害有一定的抗性或耐性,另外还要求在不同生态稻区生长的株高、叶角等植株形态和稻米品质等重要性状(变幅)能符合当地农业生态和农业经济的要求;二是环境适应性好,即对各生态区的环境因子(光照强度、温度和土壤水分、主要养分、盐度、pH)及其变化都能较好适应,对强弱光、高低温、水分胁迫、酸碱盐土等主要逆境有一定的耐受力,因播期、密度和肥料管理带来环境差异而造成的影响也不大。

Analysis of the Eurytopicity of Super Hybrid Rice Liangyoupeijiu

The implication of eurytopicity of hybrid rice remains unclear, and the screening indicators and identification methods have not been reported in detail. A two-line super hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu has been extensively grown in southern China for many years. Here, we reviewed the eurytopicity of Liangyoupeijiu and proposed methods of selection for rice better adaptability. Based on the characteristics of Liangyoupeijiu, the intrinsic mechanism and scientific implication of eurytopicity were summarized in two aspects. One is the wide adaptability to ecological factors including weak sensitivity to photoperiod, resistance to pathogens, as well as the plant height, leaf angle, and grain quality produced in the areas that can meet the requirements of agricultural ecology and economy. The other is the wide adaptability to environmental factors including tolerance to light intensity, air temperature, and moisture, nutrients, salinity, pH in soils, as well as resilience to planting date, planting density, and fertilizer management. Novel hybrid rice should be selected accordingly.