翁牛特旗景观格局尺度效应分析

以内蒙古自治区赤峰市翁牛特旗为研究区,采用2008、2013、2018年相同月份的遥感影像,结合翁牛特旗地区土地利用数据,将景观类型分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地和未利用地6类,进行景观格局指数分析,选取6个景观类型水平指数和6个景观水平特征指数,分析不同粒度对景观格局各指数的影响。研究结果表明:在景观水平格局指数中,斑块密度从0. 40个/hm~2下降到0. 32个/hm~2,香农多样性从1. 37增加到1. 45,香农均匀性从0. 76增加到0. 81,说明尚未形成优势景观,景观破碎度加剧;在景观类型水平上,随着粒度的变化斑块面积百分比没有明显变化,其他景观类型均随粒度的变化而变化。其中,在2013年和2018年水域对斑块密度的粒度效应反映较为强烈,分别从0. 005个/hm~2增加到0. 046个/hm~2、从0. 010个/hm~2增加到0. 046个/hm~2;未利用地对有效网格面积的粒度效应反映较为强烈,从24 596 m~2增加到40 697 m~2;建设用地对聚集度、凝聚度的粒度反映较为强烈,分别从0. 9减少至0. 3、从94%减少至49%。

Scale Effect Analysis of Landscape Pattern in Wengniute Banner

The spatial scale of landscape pattern has become the basis of landscape ecology research. By analyzing the characteristics and changing rules of the same landscape pattern in different scales and clarifying the scale effect of regional landscape pattern characteristics, it can be known more about the real situation of landscape pattern. Wengniute Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia was taken as the research area. The remote sensing images of the same month in 2008, 2013 and 2018 were used to combine the land use data of Wengniute Banner area. Landscape types were divided into six categories: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land and unused land. Landscape pattern index was analyzed. Six landscape indices at patch type level and six landscape indices at landscape level were selected to analyze the effects of different grain sizes on landscape pattern indices. The results showed that in landscape level pattern index, the number of patches was decreased from 5391 to 4231, the density of patches was decreased from 0.40 per hectare to 0.32 per hectare, the diversity of Shannon was increased from 1.37 to 1.45, and the evenness of Shannon was increased from 0.76 to 0.81, which indicated that the dominant landscape had not yet been formed, and the fragmentation of landscape was increased. At the level of patch type, the percentage of patch area had no obvious change with the change of grain size, and other landscape types were changed with the change of grain size. Among them, in 2013 and 2018, the granularity effect of water area on patch density was strong, which was from 0.005 per hectare to 0.046 per hectare and 0.010 per hectare to 0.046 per hectare, respectively. The granularity effect of unused land on effective network size was strong, which was from 24596m2 to 40697m2. The granularity effect of construction land on aggregation and cohesion was strong, which was from 0.9 to 0.3 and 94% to 49%, respectively.