有机无机肥配施对小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

研究了有机肥与无机肥不同配施处理对小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,习惯施肥处理(CK)小麦长势最佳,产量达7 451.96 kg/hm~2,比不施肥处理(T0)高121.89%,但氮肥回收利用率(NRE)偏低(30.70%)。氮磷钾肥均减量20%,梯度配施3 750、7 500、11 250、15 000 kg/hm~2有机肥,小麦产量分别为:6 416.72、6 578.70、6 780.71、6 770.88 kg/hm~2;NRE分别为24.30%、36.87%、44.42%、13.40%,小麦产量和NRE均随有机肥施入量呈先增加后降低趋势。不施氮肥,磷钾肥分别减量20%梯度配施有机肥,小麦产量在4 079.37～4 940.60 kg/hm~2之间,显著低于CK、氮磷钾肥减量20%有机肥配施组(P0.05),NRE值(4.37%～72.71%)变幅较大且无规律。合理配施化肥与有机肥,可以维持小麦产量,降低化肥施用量,提高氮肥利用率。

Influence of organic-synthetic combined fertilizers on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat

The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of different proportions of synthetic and organic fertilizer on wheat yield and fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency.The experimental results showed that wheat grew best under conventional fertilizer treatment (CK),with a highest grain yield of 7 451.96 kg/hm²,which was 121.89% higher than that under no fertilizer treatment (T0).In contrast,the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE) was 30.70% lower than that of T0 treatment.With a total reduction of 20% in the usage of N,P and K,under the condition of 3 750,7 500,1 1250,15 000 kg/hm² organic fertilizer application treatments,wheat grain yields were 6 416.72,6 578.70,6 780.71,6 770.88 kg/hm²,and NRE were 24.30%,36.87%,44.42%,13.40%,respectively.The trends of the grain yields and NRE increase first and then decrease as the amount of organic fertilizer increasing.With a total reduction of 20% in the usage of P and K,and no synthetic nitrogen fertilizer application,the treatments with different organic fertilizer proportions obtained wheat grain yields range from 4 079.37 to 4 940.60 kg/hm²,which were significantly lower than CK and 20% N,P,K reduction treatments (P<0.05).Moreover,for those treatments the NRE indexes were irregular and relatively great in variations.The combined use of synthetic fertilizer and organic fertilizer within a reasonable proportion range can guarantee wheat productivity and reduce the amount of synthetic fertilizer,which results in high fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiencies.