规划引导下利津县村庄分类与整治策略

科学开展村庄分类及其整治策略研究是分区分类推进乡村振兴的基础和关键。以山东省利津县为研究区,基于规划约束和村庄自身资源禀赋提出了一套先分区、后分类的顺序递进式村庄类型划分方法体系。首先,依据规划引导和特色资源禀赋将村庄划分为城镇化区、特色历史文化区和一般农村地区;然后,构建村庄空间布局适宜性评价体系,利用Ward系统聚类法对一般农村地区的村庄开展具体类型划分;最后,结合村庄演化方向和资源禀赋、区位特点、社会经济状况,针对城镇化区、特色历史文化区和一般农村地区内的村庄分类结果提出不同的演化分类和整治策略。结果表明:先分区、后分类的顺序递进式划定思路有效落实了城镇开发边界和历史文化保护专项规划对不同演化方向的村庄的空间管控要求;利用Ward系统聚类法进行类型划分,能最大程度体现类型区的区内相似性和区间差异性,分类结果更加科学合理;利津县村庄可划分为城乡融合型(107个)、特色保护型(6个)、集聚发展型(21个)、存续提升型(180个)和搬迁撤并型(198个) 5类,根据村庄类型特征分别提出了不同演化方向下村庄的整治策略和发展建议。本研究成果可为区域乡村振兴战略实施、美丽乡村建设和农村人居环境改善提供理论和方法指导。

Zoning and Consolidation Strategy of Rural Residential Areas Guiding by Planning Regulation in Lijin County

The spatial pattern optimization and land consolidation of rural settlement is of great significance to carry forward rural revitalization by zoning and classification based on scientific recognition of suitable development types for various village. The rational spatial layout optimization of rural settlements can promote the intensive use of land resources and improve rural production and living environment, and while activate the idle land resource in rural and coordinate the rural and urban development. In order to scientifically divide the types of rural settlement, taking Lijin County as an example, a comprehensive zoning system was put forward, which firstly zoned the whole rural settlement into three different evolution direction regions, and then classified the former results into different types of rural settlement guiding the future land consolidation under the planning regulation which reflected the impact of planning and the urban core area on the future development of the countryside. That following steps were in process: first of all, considering planning constraints of urban developing boundary and historical cultural conservation planning, the rural settlement was divided into three different evolution direction regions which was urbanization, historical cultural conservation zone and general rural region. The rural settlement located in the urbanization or conservation zone were identified as urban rural integration village (URIV) and historical and cultural village (HCV), respectively. Then, a comprehensive evaluation index system was established in five dimensions of resources, population, economic conditions, infrastructure and location environment for the general rural region. Among the index system, the entropy weight method was applied to assign the weight of indictors, and the Ward hierarchical clustering was used for classifying the general rural region into different types on the basis of similarity or diversity: cluster developing village (CDV), keeping and limiting village (KLV) and dismantling and consolidate village (DCV). Finally, according to the evolution direction and resource condition of rural settlements, the land consolidation strategy of different rural classifications was put forward for rural revitalization and improvement of living environment. The results showed that thinking of the first zoning and then classification for the whole rural settlements was more scientific and reliable for classifying the different type of rural settlement, which can effectively implement regulation and guiding for the rural developing under the control of the urban developing boundary and historical cultural conservation planning. Compared with the traditional zoning method, the Ward hierarchical clustering method system can efficiently reflex the similarity among regions and diversity between the different zoning to the full extent, which can be superior to the all indictor comprehensive evaluation. The total rural settlement in Lijin County can be divided into five different types, which was urban rural integration village (107 villages), historical and cultural village (6 villages), cluster developing village (21 villages), keeping and limiting village (180 villages) and dismantling and consolidate village (198 villages), and then a more specific strategy of land consolidation was put forward from the aspects of infrastructure, land reclamation, social security and environmental improvement. The framework of spatial pattern optimization and land consolidation of rural settlement can provide a new idea and method for the rural revitalization practice, building the beautiful countryside and improving the living environment in regional scale.