Relationship between dietary lipid source, oxidative stress, and the physiological response to stress in sub-yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) |
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Authors: | Thomas L Welker James L Congleton |
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Institution: | (1) United States Department of Agriculture, Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832-0952, USA;(2) Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1141, USA |
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Abstract: | Relationships between dietary lipid source, stress, and oxidative stress were examined in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Four different experimental diets were used: menhaden oil (MHO; elevated 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3), soybean oil (SBO; elevated
18:2n-6), linseed oil (LSO; elevated 18:3n-3), and a mixture of 55% linseed oil and 45% soybean oil (MIX; approximately equal
levels of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3). Juvenile salmon (initial body weight of 16.0 g) were fed experimental diets for 12 weeks (early
March to early June). At the end of feeding, fish subjected to a low-water stressor for 96 h had greater liver and brain lipid
peroxidation compared to unstressed controls; peroxidation was not influenced by diet. Diet and stress affected plasma cortisol
levels. Stressed fish fed SBO had the greatest cortisol concentrations, followed by MIX, MHO, and LSO (mean concentrations
for the SBO and LSO diets differed significantly). The cortisol response to stress may have been influenced by the ratio of
prostaglandin 1- and 2-series to prostaglandin 3-series precursor fatty acids provided by the different diets. The results
of this study suggest a connection between the physiological response to stress, dietary lipid quality, and oxidative stress.
This is the first evidence of such a relationship in fish.
Abbreviations: AA - arachidonic acid; ACTH - adrenocorticotropin; BHT - butylated hydroxytoluene; BLPO - brain lipid peroxidation; dGLA
- dihomo-γ-linolenic acid; DHA - docosahexanoic acid; EPA - eicosapentanoic acid; FER - feed efficiency ratio; FOX - ferrous
oxidation-xylenol orange; GLA -γ-linolenic acid; LA - linoleic acid; LCO3 - long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; LLPO
- liver lipid peroxidation; LN - linolenic acid; LPO - lipid peroxidation; LSO - linseed oil; MHO - menhaden oil; MIX - 55%
linseed oil + 45% soybean oil; PC - plasma cortisol; PG - prostaglandin(s); PGE2- prostaglandin E2; PUFA - polyunsaturated fatty acid; SBO - soybean oil.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | cortisol dietary oil fatty acid lipid peroxidation stress response |
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