中药肥灌根对烤烟生长及品质的影响

为研究根灌肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响,本研究以烤烟品种“云烟105”为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组田间试验设计,在移栽后45d分2次根灌中药肥,并以根灌清水为对照,分析比较根灌中药肥对成熟期烟株农艺性状、光合特性、生物量、烤后烟叶单叶重及品质的影响。结果表明,根灌中药肥能显著改善烟株的株高、生物量等性状。株高增加了近5%,根与茎的干重分别增加了32.6%和6.8%,下部叶的单叶重增加了40.73%。同时,根灌中药肥还有效地改善了叶片的胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率。其中,气孔导度增加了92.31%,蒸腾速率增加了8.42%。在烤后烟叶的化学成分方面,根灌中药肥使中部烟叶钾含量上升了0.48个百分点,下部烟叶还原糖、总氮和烟碱的含量分别降低了5.53、0.44和0.27个百分点,烟叶钾含量升高了0.55个百分点,并使烟叶的化学成分进一步协调。此外,根灌中药肥后,上部叶片感官质量的总体评价优于对照,尤其在刺激性和甜度等方面均明显好于对照。本试验的结果说明,根灌中药肥对于提高单叶重,增加生物量,协调烟叶内部化学成分,提高烟叶品质有积极的作用。

Effects of Root Irrigation of Herbal Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Flue Cured Tobacco

In order to study the effects of foliar application of herbal fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, "Yunyan 105" was used as the experimental material. A single factor randomized block field experiment was designed. After transplanted 45d, herbal fertilizer was root-irrigated twice, and water was used as the control. The effects of different treatments on agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass, single leaf weight and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that root irrigation with traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer could significantly improve the plant height and biomass of tobacco. The plant height increased by nearly 5%, the dry weight of root and stem increased by 32.6% and 6.8% respectively, and the single leaf weight of lower leaves increased by 40.73%. At the same time, the concentration of intercellular CO2 and transpiration rate of leaves were improved by root irrigation. Among them, stomatal conductance increased by 92.31%, transpiration rate increased by 8.42%. In terms of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves, root irrigation with traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer increased the potassium content of middle tobacco leaves by 0.48 percentage points, decreased the reducing sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine content of lower tobacco leaves by 5.53, 0.44 and 0.27 percentage points respectively, and increased the potassium content of tobacco leaves by 0.55 percentage points. In addition, the sensory quality of the upper leaves was better than that of the control, especially in the stimulation and sweetness. The results of this experiment showed that the application of herbal fertilizer had a positive effect on increasing single leaf weight and biomass, coordinating internal chemical components of tobacco leaves and improving the quality of tobacco leaves.