拉市海自然保护区越冬水鸟面临的威胁及保护策略

拉市海自然保护区是云南省第一个湿地类型的自然保护区,该保护区有记录的水鸟共77种,占云南省已记录水鸟种类134种的57.46%,占中国已记录水鸟种类271种的28.41%.其中涉禽37种,游禽40种,分属7目14科.与前人的研究记录相比增加了14种.有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类6种.越冬鸟类的种群数最高可达5万多只,拉市海是水鸟重要的迁徙通道和理想的越冬聚集地.指出了拉市海湿地保护区目前存在的主要问题并提出了加强保护和管理的建议.

Threats to Overwintering Migratory Waterfowl in Lashihai Nature Reserve and Conservancy Strategy

Lashihai Nature Reserve is the first wetland nature reserve in Yunnan Province. 77 species and subspecies of waterfowl in the area were recorded, which accounted for 57.46% of the total 134 species of recorded waterfowl in Yunnan and 28.41% of the total 271 waterfowl species recorded in China. Among there are 37 wading bird species and 40 swimming bird species belonging to 7 orders, 14 families. Compared with previous record, 14 new species were added in the nature reserve. 5 of these waterfowl species are listed as Grade national protection level and 6 species are listed as Grade national protection level. The total population of overwintering migratory waterfowl in Lashihai Nature Reserve reached over 50 000 during the winter seasons. It was demonstrated that the Lashihai Nature Reserve is an important route way and an ideal flocking area for migratory waterfowl to overwinter. The major problems were pointed out and some suggestions were put forward to improve the conservancy and administration of the Nature Reserve.