葡萄根瘤蚜生物型和遗传多样性研究进展

葡萄根瘤蚜(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.)是世界检疫性葡萄专性寄生害虫,19世纪末20世纪初根瘤蚜的大发生给世界葡萄产业造成了灭顶之灾,选育和利用抗性砧木成为葡萄生产的唯一选择。然而随着害虫的协同进化,一些强致病性类型不断出现,致使一些砧木的抗性正在丧失,如加州所使用的砧木AXR#1的抗性被强致病生物型B所克服;SO4、5C、104-14 Mgt等强抗性砧木在一些地区也受到了根瘤蚜的侵染。根瘤蚜新生物型和强致病基因型的出现,推动了对根瘤蚜遗传多样性的研究。我们对葡萄根瘤蚜生物型及其鉴定方法、根瘤蚜的遗传变异研究进展进行了介绍,并讨论了根瘤蚜生物型研究的意义。

Research progress on biotypes and genetic diversity of grape phylloxera

Grape phylloxera(Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch.) feeding only on Vitis is one of the quarantine pests in the word,it devasted viticulture throughout the word during the latter half of the 19th century.Resistant grape rootstocks are the only effective control tool,however,because of the coevolution of phylloxera and grape,the intrinsic virulence of grape phylloxera strains has been observed on roots of some rootstocks,of which a typical example was that rootstock AxR#1 was overcomed by phylloxera biotype B identified in California.These findings stimulated molecular studies to analyze genetic diversity of grape phylloxera.In this review,the studies about biotype and genetic diversity of grape phylloxera were briefly summarized,meanwhile,the significance of those studies on grape phylloxera biotypes was also discussed.