黄淮海地区夏大豆农艺性状的遗传变异、相关及主成分分析

以黄淮海地区87个大豆常规栽培品种为材料,对12个产量相关的农艺性状进行了遗传变异、相关及主成分分析。结果表明:在所有供试品种中,变异系数最大的是有效分枝数,最小的是生育期;亚有限型夏大豆底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重的变异系数(18.38%～27.56%)较大;有限型夏大豆株高、底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数(21.02%～28.04%)较大。在亚有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与每荚粒数、单株粒重、百粒重呈极显著正相关,与有效分枝数呈极显著负相关,与生育期呈显著负相关。在有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与茎粗呈极显著正相关,与底荚高度呈显著正相关,与其它农艺性状相关性不显著。亚有限和有限结荚习性的大豆性状主成分分析中,前4个主成分对变异的累计贡献率分别为79.92%和79.50%。对以亚有限和有限型为主的黄淮海地区夏大豆在进行单株选择时,应根据其不同的结荚习性而有所侧重。对于亚有限型品种,应选择株高和生育期适中,有效分枝数较少,而每荚粒数、百粒重均较大的品种。对于有限型品种,应选择茎基部较粗,株高和底荚高度较高,主茎节数较多,单株荚数、单株粒数较多的品种。

Genetic Variation, Correlation and Principal Component Analysis on Agronomic Traits of Summer Sowing Soybean (Glycine max Merr.)in Huanghuai Region

Genetic variation,correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between yield and related agronomic traits of 87 summer sowing soybeans in Huanghuai region.Results showed that variation of effective branch number was the greatest;variation of growth duration was the least.The variation of lowest pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight ranged from 18.38% to 27.56% in semi-determinate soybeans;in determinate soybeans,the variation of plant height,lowest pod height,pod number per plant,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant ranged from 21.02% to 28.04%.In semi-determinate soybeans,yield had extremely significant positive correlation with seed number per pod,seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight,but significant negative positive correlation with effective branch number and growth duration.While in determinate soybeans,yield had extreme significant positive correlation with stem diameter,and significant positive correlation with lowest pod height.Principal component analysis between different stem termination soybeans showed the first four principal components respectively account for 79.92% and 79.50% of total variation.It should be emphasized according to different stem termination for selecting varieties,especially in Huanghuai region where mainly planted semi-determinate and determinate summer sowing soybean.We should choose semi-determinate varities with moderate plant height and growth duration,fewer effective branch numbers,more seed number per pod and higher 100-seed weight.It also need to select determinate varieties with thicker stem diameter,higher plant height and pod height at bottom,more main stem nodes pods per plant and seeds per pod.