大豆种子抗老化鉴定的方法研究

选用遗传差异相对较大的皖豆24、皖豆25(杂交品种)及合豆3号的种子,在温度为40℃、湿度为85%的条件下老化处理4、8和12 d,研究加速老化过程中不同基因型大豆种子成苗率、发芽率、电导率及单株幼苗干重的变化规律。结果表明:随着加速老化时间的延长种子活力下降;加速老化处理8 d,3个品种的各项鉴定指标均发生改变:品种的成苗率、发芽率及单株幼苗干重显著降低,电导率明显升高,且品种间有显著差异;发芽率和成苗率的变化在品种间具有一致性,电导率、单株幼苗干重的变化和成苗率品种间一致性较差;成苗率和发芽率的相关性最高(r=0.972**)。利用国家大豆微核心种质中的91份资源对老化鉴定方法进行验证,结果在温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化8 d的种子发芽率及老化指数与在自然条件下老化15个月的发芽率及老化指数极显著相关(r=0.943**,0.716**)。综合分析认为,温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化处理8 d,以种子发芽率为活力鉴定指标可作为大豆种子抗老化性的鉴定方法。

Identification Method of Resistance to Seed Aging in Soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.)

The objective of this study was to establish an effective identification method of seed aging resistance in soybean.The seeds of Wandou 24,Wandou 25(hybrid soybean)and Hedou No.3 were stored at 40℃ and 85% relative humidity for 4-12 days and investigated the changes of germination rate,seedling survival rate,seedling dry weight per plant and electrical conductivity after accelerated aging treatment.The results showed that the germination rate,seedling survival rate,and seedling dry weight per plant decreased,but electrical conductivity increased during aging process.Accelerated aging for 8 days,all the seed vigor indices of the three varieties were significantly changed.The germination rate and seedling survival rate have good coherence among varieties.Correlation between seedling survival,and germination rate was significant(r=0.972**).Seeds of 91 soybean varieties in Chinese soybean core collection were exposed to the same accelerated aging conditions for 8 days,and another part of the seeds were stored under normal conditions for 15 months.The germination rate and aging index of the seeds were investigated.The germination rate of the accelerated aging seeds was significant related with the germination rate of the natural aging seeds(r=0.943**),and the aging index of the accelerated aging seeds was significant related with the aging index of the natural aging seeds(r=0.716**).Consequently,artificial accelerated aging under 40℃ and 85% relative humidity for 8 days,and investigated the germination rate could effectively screen out the resistant soybean germplasm to seed aging.