中国鱼类基因组编辑育种研究现状及存在问题与展望

该文首次系统介绍了我国鱼类基因组编辑育种的研究现状、存在问题和发展前景。首先,作者简要介绍了ZFN (Zinc Finger Nucleases)、TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases)和CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)等3种基因组编辑技术的优缺点。其次,提出了鱼类基因组编辑育种的定义和工作流程。第三,作者重点介绍了我国鱼类基因组编辑育种的主要进展。包括我国科学家建立的尼罗罗非鱼、鲤、鲫、半滑舌鳎、团头鲂、南方鲇等多种养殖鱼类基因组编辑育种技术。尤其是利用TALEN和CRISPR技术创制了雌雄反转、颜色不同的罗非鱼,通过TALEN方法创制了半滑舌鳎dmrt1基因突变、生长快速的F₃雄鱼新种质,研制出无肌间刺鲫和团头鲂新种质。这些进展使我国鱼类基因组编辑育种与国际上同类研究相比,实现了从过去的跟跑到现在的并跑,甚至在某些鱼类上领跑的转变。作者最后梳理了目前鱼类基因组编辑育种研究中存在的不足和问题,并对我国鱼类基因组编辑育种的未来发展方向进行了展望,提出了今后鱼类基因组编辑育种的研究重点。该文对于推动我国鱼类基因组编辑育种的研究进程,创制基因组编辑突破性新品种具有重要意义和参考价值。

Fish genome editing breeding in china: status, problems and prospects

Genome editing breeding is a powerful technique in aquaculture organisms. China has made a big progress in genome editing researches and breeding in fish during last 10 years. The present paper is the first systematic review of the status, problems and prospect of fish genome editing breeding in China. Firstly, the authors gave a brief introduction to advantages and disadvantages of three genome editing technologies including Zinc Finger Nucleases(ZFN), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases(TALEN)and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats CRISPR-Associated(CRISPR/Cas9). Secondly, the definition and workflow of genome editing breeding in fish was proposed. Thirdly, the authors gave a detail introduction to the progress in genome editing breeding in fish in China. In brief, Chinese scientists have carried out genome editing in several important cultured fish such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp, half-smooth tongue sole, southern catfish et al. Especially, a variety of tilapia with sex-reversed female and with different color were generated by means of TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 method. Also, dmrt1-mutated F₃ males with fast growth speed similar to females were generated by TALEN method in Chinese tongue sole. Crucian carp and blunt snout bream with less or no inter muscular bones were obtained. These genome edited fish can mature and spawn. The progress has brought China''s fish genome editing breeding from following-up in the past to the present coexistence of following, running side-by-side, and even leading in some fish species. Finally, the authors summarized the current shortcomings and problems in fish genome editing breeding and prospected the future development direction of genome editing breeding in China, and proposed research focuses in fish genome editing breeding. The paper will have important role and significance for fish genome editing breeding in China.