广东翁源青云山省级自然保护区的鸟类多样性及群落特征分析

【目的】了解广东翁源青云山省级自然保护区鸟类的群落组成与多样性。【方法】于2021年，采用样线法对青云山保护区中林区、公路、村庄和水库4种生境的鸟类群落进行实地调查，同时访问调查本地居民和保护区工作人员、查阅保护区本底资料和科考报告，查找中国知网、中国观鸟记录中心等有关记录。【结果】本研究共统计到鸟类17目51科168种。区系组成：东洋界103种，广布种40种，古北界25种。居留型组成：留鸟119种，候鸟43种(冬候鸟27种、夏候鸟16种)，旅鸟6种。生态类型以鸣禽为主，食性组成以杂食性和食虫为主。鸟类优势种包括淡眉雀鹛Alcippe hueti、栗背短脚鹎Hemixos castanonotus、赤红山椒鸟Pericrocotus speciosus。国家一级重点保护鸟类2种，国家二级重点保护鸟类30种。不同生境鸟类的平均生物量从高到低依次为：林区、村庄、水库、公路。多样性指数分析表明，村庄生境的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(3.24)、Pielou均匀度指数(0.61)最高；公路生境的Margalef丰富度指数(7.34)最高；村庄和公路生境的Simpson优势度指数(0...

Bird diversity and community characteristics in Qingyunshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Wengyuan, Guangdong

Objective To understand the community composition and diversity of birds in Qingyunshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Wengyuan, Guangdong.Method In 2021, this study used line transect method to conduct field surveys of bird communities in four habitats of forest, highway, village, and reservoir in Qingyunshan Reserve, while interviewing local residents and reserve staff, looking up reserve basic information and scientific expedition reports, and searching for the records of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Bird Reports Center, etc.Result A total of 168 species of birds in 17 orders and 51 families were counted. Statistics of the faunal types showed that there were 103 oriental birds, 40 widely distributed birds, and 25 palaearctic birds. The result of residence type classification suggested that there were 119 species of resident birds, 43 species of visitor birds (27 species of winter visitor birds and 16 species of summer visitor birds), and 6 species of passage migrant birds. The ecotype was dominated by the songbirds, and the diet habit was dominated by omnivorous and insectivorous. The dominant species included Alcippe hueti, Hemixos castanonotus and Pericrocotus speciosus. Of all the detected species, two species were listed as first-class National Protected Wildlife and 30 species were listed as second-class National Protected Wildlife. The avian average biomass declined in order of forest, village, reservoir and highway respectively. The diversity index analysis showed that the highest Shannon-wiener diversity index (3.24) and Pielou evenness index (0.61) were in the village habitat; The highest Margalef richness index (7.34) was in the highway habitat; The village and highway habitats tied for the highest Simpson dominance index (0.94).Conclusion With rich vegetation and diverse habitats, Guangdong Wengyuan Qingyunshan Provincial Nature Reserve provides abundant food resources and suitable space for birds to survive and breed. With the succession of vegetation and the enhancement of environmental awareness amongst the pubilc, the reserve still has great potential in bird diversity conservation.