珠三角沿海地区牡蛎产业发展策略研究——基于养殖户、企业和政府管理部门深度访谈调查

面对不断恶化的生态环境和逐渐衰竭退化的海洋渔业资源,如何促进牡蛎产业持续健康发展,从而保证资源依赖型牡蛎产品的供应已经引起广泛关注。本文以珠三角沿海地区为调查对象分析牡蛎产业的发展策略。结果发现,尽管该地区牡蛎养殖历史悠久,但牡蛎加工仍然停留在前处理阶段,销售渠道失控,价格差异性大。效益分析显示出该地区牡蛎养殖整体效益较差、水质优良海域养殖效益较高、产业链各节点增值幅度较大、成本构成差异明显和区域品牌效益下滑等关联特征。存在海域使用矛盾突出、环境污染加剧、分散经营无序、产业链低端锁定和产业政策欠缺等问题。牡蛎产业要实现可持续发展,公共政策应当有所作为,当务之急是合理区划海域功能、保护海洋环境、改进产业政策、培育龙头企业和加强行业自我管理。

Development strategies of oyster industry in the coastal region of Pearl River Delta: based on

Facing increasingly worsening ecological environment and gradual degradation of marine fishery resources, how to promote sustainable and healthy development of oyster industry so as to ensure the supply of oyster products has caused widespread concerns. This paper analyzes the development strategies of oyster industry at the coastal region of the Pearl River Delta based on the in-depth interviews of mariculture operators, enterprises, and government administrative agencies. Results show that although the region has long history of oyster cultivating,the processing remains in pre-processing stage. The distribution channels lose their control and prices vary significantly. Cost and benefit analysis found that the general industry profitability is limited with relatively high return in the area with good water quality. And the added value when products going through supply chain is relatively high. In addition, the production costs vary greatly among different producers and brand value shows the decreasing trend. Main problems for the oyster industry include the contradiction of sea area uses, water pollution, decentralized operation, slow in technology progress and adoption, and lack of policy support. To maintain the sustainable development of oyster industry, favorable industry policies, reasonable sea space utilization plans, environmental protection measures, improving industry management, fostering leading enterprises, and establishment of cooperative organizations are necessary.