Early evaluation of growth traits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix kaempferi</Emphasis> clones

Early selection is an important method to shorten the breeding cycle for tree species, which may differ in the time for early selection. To evaluate the early selected time for Larix kaempferi, tree height and diameter at breast height of 57 L. kaempferi clones were measured over many different growth years. The results indicated that, except for age × clone interaction for diameter at breast height (P = 0.741), there were significant differences among all variation sources (P < 0.01). The coefficient of phenotypic variation ranged from 14.89 to 35.65% for height and from 19.17 to 23.86% for diameter at breast height in different growth years. The repeatability of height and of diameter at breast height among clones was high, ranging from 0.6181 to 0.8531 (height) and from 0.8443 to 0.8497 (diameter at breast height), in different growth years. There were significant positive correlations between all pairs of growth traits except between height in the 2nd growth year and height in the 30th growth year; and between height in the 2nd growth year × diameter at breast height in the 30th growth year. With a comprehensive evaluation method and a selection ratio of 10%, L65, L1, L62, L9, L15, and L78 were selected as excellent clones in the 30th growth year. Their average values of height and diameter at breast height were 9.81 and 16.57% higher than the overall average, representing genetic gains of 6.46 and 13.99%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of L. kaempferi.