食用菌栽培相关木霉种的鉴定

从木霉污染的食用菌菌筒和子实体中分离纯化了49株木霉菌株。采用形态学方法以及ITS/5.8S测序分析，对这些木霉菌进行了分类鉴定。结果表明，中国福建、浙江等省食用菌栽培相关木霉种以哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum Rifai和长枝木霉T. longibrachiatum Rifai为主，少量为深绿木霉 T. atroviride Karsten和棘孢木霉T. asperellum Samuels；木霉污染菌的种类与采集地点、食用菌的种类有一定相关，如在浙江庆元香菇Lentinus edodes (Berk.)sing菌筒中分离的木霉主要是哈茨木霉，在广州刺芹侧耳（杏鲍菇）Pleurotus enyngii菌筒中分离的木霉主要是棘孢木霉，而从福建浦城食用菌污染袋中分离的木霉主要是深绿木霉。两种分类方法对木霉鉴定结果基本一致，因此形态学分类方法结合分子生物学方法使食用菌栽培相关木霉种的分类鉴定更准确和可靠。

Identification of Trichoderma Species Associated with Cultivated Edible Fungi

Forty-nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from spawn and fruiting bodies of edible fungi. The morphological characteristics showed that the strains belonged to T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. atroviride and T. asperellum, respectively. And the result of ITS analysis was coincident with the morphological classification. The species of T. asperellum was first found to contaminate edible fungi, the species of T. atroviride was rarely present, and the appearance frequencies of species, T. harzianum and T. longibrachiatum, were very high (59% and 31% respectively), seeming to be the dominant contaminative fungi in mushroom cultivation. The Trichoderma species varied with collective location and mushroom species. Most of the strains isolated from spawn of Lentinula edodes in Qingyuan country of Zhejiang Province belonged to T. harzianum. Most of the strains isolated from spawn of Pleurotus eryngii in Guangzhou belonged to the species of T. asperellum, but most of the strains isolated from lentinula edodes in Pucheng of Fujian Province belonged to the species of T. atroviride. The ITS lengths of the tested strains of T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T.atroviride and T.asperellum were 575 ~ 578 bp, 579 ~ 583 bp, 565 ~ 567 bp and 560 ~ 561 bp, respectively. Their G C mol% contents were 55.6% ~ 56.7% , 57.2% ~ 58.0% , 55.6% ~ 56.1% and 55.8% ~ 55.9% , respectively. The length of 5.8SrDNA sequence of Trichoderma. spp. was 159 bp, and G C mol% content was 46.5%.