从典型相关角度探讨大白猪采食与生长性状的关系

为揭示猪采食与生长性状的内在关系,选择体重为30 kg(27~33 kg)的大白猪288头(公71头、母217头),采用FIRE系统测定了30~100 kg阶段的采食性状和体重,并对6个采食性状和3个生长性状进行了简单相关与典型相关分析。结果表明:公猪日采食次数显著多于母猪(P0.05),每次采食量和料重比则显著低于母猪(P0.05或P0.01);每次采食量、日采食量与30~100 kg平均日增重呈显著正相关(P0.05或P0.01),与达100 kg体重日龄间呈显著负相关(P0.05或P0.01);料重比与达100 kg体重日龄、30~100 kg平均日增重间分别呈极显著的正相关和负相关(P0.01);公猪采食与生长性状的第1、2典型相关系数分别为0.8604(P0.01)和0.6277(P0.01),占总相关的98.08%;母猪第1、2典型相关系数分别为0.7278(P0.01)和0.5322(P0.01),占总相关的95.75%;大白猪采食与生长性状间具有较强的相关性。其中,公猪采食与生长性状间的相关主要由日采食量、每次采食量与料重比、平均日增重的相关引起,母猪则主要由日采食量、总采食量与达100 kg体重日龄、平均日增重的相关所引起。在猪的育种和生产实践中,通过育种措施或优化日粮等途径提高日采食量,可望提高猪的增重速度、降低单位增重的饲料消耗,对提高猪群生产效率和效益具有重要的现实意义。

Investigation on the Relationship between Feeding and Growth Traits of Large White Pigs by Canonical Correlation Analysis

In order to investigate the inherent relationship between feeding and growth traits, 288 Large White pigs (71 males and 217 females) with initial body weight of 30 kg (27~33 kg) were selected to test the feeding and growth traits during 30~100 kg body weight by using automatic feed intake recording equipment (FIRE) system, and the correlations between 6 feeding traits and 3 growth traits were investigated by simple and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that number of visits per day (NVD) of male pigs was more than that of female significantly (P0.05), but feed intake per visit (FIV) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of male were lower than those of female significantly (P0.05 or P0.01). In both sexes, significantly positive correlations were found between FIV with daily feed intake (DFI) and average daily gain of 30~100 kg (ADG) (P0.05 or P0.01), but negative correlations were showed between the two traits and days to 100 kg body weight (D100) (P0.05 or P0.01); FCR had very significant positive correlation with D100 but negative correlation with ADG (P0.01).In male pigs, the first and second canonical correlation coefficients between feeding and growth traits were 0.860 4 (P0.01) and 0.627 7 (P0.01), respectively, and represented 98.08 percent for the total correlation between the two kinds of traits; in female pigs, the first and second canonical correlation coefficients were 0.727 8 (P0.01) and 0.532 2 (P0.01), and represented 95.75 percent for the total correlation. It indicated that the feeding trait had a stronger correlation with growth trait in Large White pigs. The main causes for the correlation between feeding and growth traits were the correlations of DFI, FIV with FCR and ADG in male pigs, but the correlations of DFI, TFI with D100 and ADG in female pigs. In pig breeding and production, it expected to gain higher weight gain speed and lower feed consumption per-unit weight gain, by increasing the feed intake through breeding and ration optimization approaches, and further increase the efficiency and benefits of pig production.