化肥减量配施生物有机肥对设施菊花养分吸收转运及产量的影响

通过田间小区试验，研究化肥减量20%条件下，配施精制有机肥（COF）和生物有机肥（BOF）对设施菊花优香氮磷钾养分吸收累积、转运及设施菊花产量和观赏性状的影响，探讨化肥减量配施不同有机肥在提高设施菊花养分吸收利用和产量品质中的作用。结果表明：在化肥减量20%条件下，BOF有增加设施菊花产量和观赏品质的趋势，可显著提高设施菊花养分吸收利用、转运效率，显著促进养分在花器官的累积和分配并显著提高株高和花径；与常规施肥（CF，100%化肥）相比，BOF使设施菊花的花苞鲜重显著提高了7.2%，设施菊花高等级（2L）的比例显著提高了10.9%，低等级（S）的比例显著降低了73.3%，植株氮、钾累积量分别增加17.5%和11.0%，氮、磷、钾的转运效率分别提高了25.7%、110.4%和7.7%，氮、磷、钾在花器官中的分配比例分别提高7.0%、8.1%和12.4%；与COF相比，BOF处理的低等级S级的比例显著降低了64.9%，植株磷和钾累积量分别增加11.3%和11.4%，磷、钾转运效率分别提高了41.5%和7.0%。可见，化肥减量20%配施生物有机肥是显著提高设施菊花养分吸收利用率和提质增效的措施之一。

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Nutrients Uptake,Transformation and Quality of Greenhouse Chrysanthemum under Chemical Fertilizers Reduction

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying refined organic fertilizer (COF) or bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) in combining with 20% reduced chemical fertilization on nutrient uptake, accumulation, transformation, yield and ornamental of Chrysanthemum morifolium-Youxiang in greenhouse, to explore the function of different organic fertilizers on improving nutrient absorption and utilization and increase the chrysanthemum yield and quality under chemical fertilizers reduction. Results showed that, applying bio-organic fertilizer in combining with 20% reduced chemical fertilization (BOF), the flower yield and ornamental of chrysanthemum showed increasing tendency, the nutrient uptake and transformation were improved significantly, meanwhile nutrient accumulation and distribution in flower organ and stem length and flower diameter were promoted. As compared with conventional chemical fertilization (CF, 100% chemical fertilization), the BOF treatments significantly increased the bud fresh mass of chrysanthemum by 7.2%, significantly increased the proportion of high grade 2L by 10.9%, and significantly reduced the proportion of low grade S by 73.3% of chrysanthemum, the N and K accumulation increased by 17.5% and 11.0%, the transfer efficiency of N, P and K significantly improved by 23.6%, 110.4% and 7.7%, the distribution rate of N, P and K in flower improved by 7.0%, 8.1% and 12.4%, respectively. As compared with COF, the BOF treatments significantly reduced the proportion of low grade S by 64.9%, significantly increased the P and K accumulation of chrysanthemum by 11.3% and 11.4%, the transfer efficiency of P and K significantly improved by 41.5% and 7.0%, respectively. The results indicated applying bio-organic fertilizer in combining with 20% reduced chemical fertilization is one of the effective practices for promoting the nutrients utilization and the quality of chrysanthemum under the greenhouse condition.