影响芦笋离体快繁关键因子的研究

以意大利引进Precoce芦笋后代中获得的耐低温、早熟、高产、健壮、抗性强的优质雌性单株A001为试验材料，研究影响其无菌系建立、继代增殖及生根的关键因子，以期为该优质芦笋变异种质在生产和育种中的应用提供支持。结果表明：（1）用75%的乙醇处理30s后，茎尖和茎段分别于2% NaClO溶液中处理8，12min，灭菌率达70%以上；（2） MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.2mg/L为最佳增殖培养基，增殖系数达4.4；（3）1/2 MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+KT 0.4mg/L+嘧啶醇1.0mg/L为最佳生根培养基，生根率达72.0%。通过嘧啶醇单因子变化试验发现，添加嘧啶醇具有促进芦笋生根的作用；培养基中NAA、BA质量浓度高易引起芦笋玻璃化，加入KT、嘧啶醇后有较好的减轻玻璃化的作用；NAA质量浓度达到0.5mg/L时，对芦笋的生长产生明显抑制作用。

The Key Factors Effecting on Rapid Propagation of Asparagus officinalis

The purpose of this paper is to study the key factors effecting on sterile culture establishment, proliferation and rooting for asparagus A001 with early-ripe, high yield, sturdy, high resistance and tolerance to low temperature, which was selected from the clone variation of Italy asparagus. The results showed that:(1) the effects of disinfection could reach above 70% when the shoot tip explants were treated with 2% NaClO solution for 8min and the stem explants were treated with 2% NaClO solution for 12min after treated 30 s with 75% ethanol; (2) MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.2mg/L was the best proliferation culture medium, and the proliferation coefficient was up to 4.4; (3) 1/2 MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+KT 0.4mg/L+ancymidol 1.0mg/L was the best medium for rooting, and rooting rate reached 72%. According to the results from single factor, it was found that ancymidol played a significant role improving the rooting of asparagus; high concentration NAA and BA tended to cause vitrification of the asparagus; adding KT and ancymidol with suitable concentration can reduce the vitrification effectively. In rapid propagation of asparagus, NAA 0.5mg/L would inhibit asparagus growth obviously.