Towards an ecologically-sustainable forestry in the Atlantic Forest |
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Authors: | Carlos R Fonseca Gislene Ganade Ronei Baldissera Carlos R Boelter Lucas M Campos Vanda S Fonseca Fernando Joner Ana M Leal-Zanchet Alex S Mesquita Claudia P Paz Fabio N Piovensan Anamaria Stranz Emerson M Vieira |
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Institution: | a Centro 2, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS 93022-970, Brazil b Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil c Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil d Seção de Artrópodes Peçonhentos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil e Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90690-000, Brazil f Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP 04301-902, Brazil g Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-500, Brazil h Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS 96815-900, Brazil i Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70919-970, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Since pristine Atlantic Forest remnants are vanishing, and biological reserves are in short, conservation of biodiversity will largely depend on proper management of the anthropogenic matrix. Here, we test (1) the effectiveness of ecologically-managed tree monocultures in maintaining Araucaria Forest biodiversity, (2) how this effectiveness change among taxa, and (3) we discuss management principles that can be used by the forestry industry in order to contribute positively to biodiversity conservation. The study was conducted in the São Francisco de Paula National Forest, southern Brazil, an environmental mosaic composed mostly of patches of Araucaria Forest and ecologically-managed monocultures of Araucaria, Pinus and Eucalyptus. Using standardized sampling methods in these four main habitats, we have recorded the richness and species composition of small mammals, birds, leaf-litter frogs, butterflies, galling insects, spiders, opiliones, flatworms, woody plants, epiphytic angiosperms, epiphytic ferns, lichens, and fruit-body producing fungi. Overall, we recorded 506 species in Araucaria Forest, 181 (36%) of which were exclusive of this habitat while 325 (64%) could be found in at least one monoculture. Distribution patterns of species richness and number of records across taxonomic groups showed that a large biodiversity can be found inside ecologically-managed plantations of Araucaria, Pinus, and Eucalyptus. For all studied taxa, except for epiphytic angiosperms and fruit-body producing fungi, more than half of the Araucaria Forest species could be found living on monocultures. We discuss how the actual management practices of the forest industry can be improved to contribute positively to the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity. |
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Keywords: | Araucaria Biodiversity Conservation Eucalyptus Forestry Management Monoculture Multi-taxa Pinus |
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