抽穗扬花期温度对红米花粉育性·结实率及其粒重的影响

[目的]研究红米品种的花粉育性、结实率、粒重对温度的敏感性。[方法]用6个井冈红米为材料,采用分期播种的方法,研究了孕穗期、抽穗扬花期温度对花粉育性、结实率和粒重的影响。[结果]开花前3￣8d是水稻花粉育性对温度的敏感时期,当日最高气温达35℃以上时,花粉育性明显降低;开花当天高温是引起结实率降低的主要原因,当开花当天日平均温度高于31℃时,结实率明显下降;开花后1～10d是水稻粒重对温度的敏感时期,当日平均气温达31℃以上时,粒重明显降低。[结论]在6个红米品种中,红米3号结实率较高,平均为71.10%,且结实率对高温的稳定性较好;粒重较大,平均千粒重为21.30g;产量高。该品种适合推广应用。

Effects of Temperature in the Flowering Stage on Pollen Fertility,Seed Setting Rate and Grain Weight of Red Rice

[Objective] The research aimed to study the sensitivity of pollen fertility, seed setting rate and grain weight in red rice variety to temperature. [Method] With 6 Jinggang red rice varieties as materials, the effects of the temperatures in booting stage and flowering stage on pollen fertility, seed setting rate and grain weight were studied by the method of interval sowing. [Result] The 3rd ~ 8th d before flowering was the sensitive stage of rice pollen fertility to temperature. When the daily maximum temperature was over 35 ℃, pollen fertility was decreased obviously. High temperature on the flowering day was the main reason that caused the decrease of the seed setting rate. When the daily mean temperature on the flowering day was over 31℃, the seed setting rate was obviously decreased. The 1st ~ 10th d after flowering was the sensitive stage of rice grain weight to temperature. When the daily mean temperature was over 31 ℃, the 1 000-grain weight was obviously decreased. [Conclusion] Among 6 red rice varieties, the seed setting rate of Red rice 3 was higher with the average of 71.10 % and the seed setting rate had better stability to temperature. Its grain weight was great with the average 1 000-grain weight of 21.30 g and its yield was higher. So this variety was suitable for being popularized.