东北黑土区防风林带基本特性及其与风向的关系

[目的] 为探究东北黑土区防风林带走向与主害风向的关系。[方法] 利用遥感解译和野外调查,获取研究区内林带基本特征数据,结合研究区内43个气象站点风速风向数据,对林带走向与主害风向的交角,即风向偏角进行计算分析。[结果] 蒙东黑土亚区偏西风占比大,风向较为集中,主害风主导性强烈,松嫩黑土亚区风向较为分散,主害风主导性较弱;平均林带密度松嫩黑土亚区＞蒙东黑土亚区;防风林带走向在松嫩黑土亚区占比最大的为N-S走向林带,蒙东黑土亚区没有明显的规律性;研究区内风向偏角＜30°占比为29.60%,＞30°占比为70.40%,防风作用较差。[结论] 研究区内大量防风林带走向与主害风向斜交,对主害风的防护作用较差。该研究结果对于了解现有防风林带密度、走向,进一步建设和改造防风林带有重要参考价值。

Basic Characteristics of Windbreak in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China and Its Relationship with Wind Direction

[Objective] In order to explore the relationship between the windbreak direction and the prevailing wind erosion direction in the black soil region of Northeast China. [Methods] The basic characteristics of the windbreak in the study area were obtained by remote sensing interpretation and field survey, and the angle of intersection between the windbreak direction and the prevailing wind erosion direction, that is, the wind direction declination angle, was calculated and analyzed by combining the wind speed and wind direction data of 43 meteorological stations in the study area. [Results] The westerly wind in Mengdong black soil sub-region accounted for a large proportion, the wind direction was more concentrated, the prevailing wind erosion direction dominance was strong, the wind direction in the Songnen black soil sub-region was scattered, and the prevailing wind erosion direction dominance was weak. Average windbreak density Songnen black soil sub-area ＞ Mengdong black soil sub-region; The windbreak direction accounted for the largest proportion in the Songnen black soil sub-area was the N-S trend windbreak direction, and there was no obvious regularity in the Mengdong black soil sub-region. In the study area, the proportion of wind declination angle ＜30° was 29.60%, and the proportion of wind angle ＞30° was 70.40%, and the wind protection effect was poor. [Conclusion] The direction of a large number of windbreak in the study area is oblique to the prevailing wind erosion direction, and the protective effect is poor. The results of this study have important reference value for understanding the density and trend of existing windbreak belts, and for further construction and transformation of windbreak.