橄榄生长与结果习性的观察研究

调查观察表明,橄榄根深且广。成年树年抽梢2次。春梢多成为结果枝,除顶芽外,叶腋间多能抽生小花序。顶芽萌发成秋梢(少量成夏梢),为翌年结果母枝。因此,加强管理,橄榄是可获得连续高产稳产的。橄榄花芽分化期从3月下旬开始,到5月下旬基本完成,花芽分化是连续进行的。其花序为聚伞式圆锥花序(或圆锥花序),花有雌花、雄花及两性花3种类型,其比例因品种而异。生理落果主要在花谢后两周内。果实初期迅速膨大,至7月中下旬,纵横径几乎停止生长,但内质仍继续变化。

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND FRUITING HABITS OF OLIVE(CANARIUM ALBUM RAEUSCH)

The investigation showed that root system of olive was deep and wide distribution.Adult olive sprouts two times per year(in spring and aut- umn).Most of the spring shoots will become fruiting shoots,by sprouting little inflorescence from their leaf axillary buds but terminal bud.Terminal buds germinate into autumn shoots(a few of those into summer shoots)and become fruit spur in the next year.Under the condition of intensifing ma- nagement olive will be able to fruiting yearly.The flower bud differentia- tion of olive continuosly proceeds from later March to later May.Its inflo- rescence is panicled thyrsoid cyme(or panicle).Olive has three kinds of flow- ers,namely,female flower,male flower and hermaphrodite flower.Their- proportion depends on varieties.The physiological fruit drop frequently occur in two weeks after flower withering.Fruits enlarge rapidly in the early period and grow slowly in middle-later July.Although they nearly stop growing,the contents of them transform continously.