中国农业用水效率区域差异与空间交互机理研究

测度农业水资源效率并对其空间交互机理进行深入解析，为提升农业用水效率提供参考。基于2005-2019年中国31省（市、区）面板数据，采用超效率SBM模型和全要素用水效率指标，测度中国农业用水效率，并利用向量自回归模型（VAR），探究中国省（市、区）域间农业用水效率的交互作用和溢出效应。结果表明：中国农业用水效率总体偏低，2019年为0.690，存在31%的提升空间。农业用水综合效率与纯技术效率、规模效率呈正相关，但省（市、区）之间相关程度存在差异。西藏自治区纯技术效率最高，为1.022，山西省规模效率最高，为0.995。研究期内，中国农业用水效率均值集聚特征不显著，浙江、西藏和海南等三省（区）处于孤岛状态。中国农业用水效率呈西高东低，北高南低总体分布态势。VAR脉冲分析显示中国农业用水效率存在正向空间交互作用，其中以东部地区对中西部影响最为显著。提高中国农业用水效率，一方面要重视农业科技创新，提高农业用水纯技术效率；另一方面要加强区域协作，充分发挥高效率用水区域的溢出效应。

Regional Disparities and Spatial Interactions of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in China

Based on panel data from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2019, the super efficiency Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model and total factor water use efficiency indicators were used to measure the agricultural water use efficiency of China. The Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) was then used to explore the interaction and spillover effect of agricultural water use efficiency across provinces in China, aiming to provide a reference for improving agricultural water use efficiency. Agricultural water use efficiency in China increased from 0.544 to 0.690 during the investigation period, but efficiency was generally low and still had the improvement space of 31%. The comprehensive efficiency of agricultural water use was positively correlated with pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, but the correlation degree varied among provinces. The pure technical efficiency was highest in Tibet Autonomous Region, with a value of 1.022, and the scale efficiency was highest in Shanxi Province, with the value of 0.995. During the study period, the agglomeration characteristics of the average agricultural water use efficiency in China were not significant. Zhejiang Province, Hainan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region were islands of high efficiency within regions of lower efficiency. Overall, agricultural water use efficiency in China was higher in the west and north and lower in the east and south, reflecting water resource availability. There was a positive spatial interaction in water use efficiency between regions, with the eastern region having the most significant impact on the central and western regions. To improve the efficiency of agricultural water use in China, it will be necessary to attach more importance on technological innovation in agriculture and continue to improve the pure technical efficiency of agricultural water use. However, it will also be necessary to strengthen regional cooperation and give fuller play to the excess spillover of high-efficiency water use areas.