关于中国畜牧生产结构与肉牛经济的几个问题

中国畜产品生产指标1999年比1990年高出105.1个大师傅发点，人均高出87.1个百分点，而世界相应指灵敏仅分别高出17.4和3.4个百分点。中国畜牧业产值占大农业总产值已达30%，显示整个畜牧业的高速增长，肉牛生产是畜牧业中的重要组成部分，发展迅速，牛肉总产量占全国总产肉量比例由1982年的1%增长到8.43%，超过了500万t，中国畜种组成中猪，鸡比例大高，在生产结构战略调整中应大力发展养牛业，肉牛数量占总牛头数90%，80%的肉牛分布在农区，中国农区肉牛业将是不同于北美精料型，澳洲草原型的第三种类型，有自己的特点，二十年来，中国牛肉产量年递增率平均达9.1%-24.97%，而世界同期仅为1.02%。按中国情况，2005年，牛肉总产将达到650万t，可超过世界第二大牛肉生产国的巴西；而到2016年，中国牛肉总产可望达1000万t。中国牛肉的基本市场仍在国内，发展肉牛仍是广大农民增收的一个门类。

On Several Problems of Chinese Animal Production Structure and Beef Economy

Chinese total animal production and average production per capita in 1999 were increased by 105.1 percent and 87.1 percent than those of 1990, while corresponding value of global animal production were 17.4 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively. Production value of animal husbandry is increasing very quickly, which amounted to 30 percent of agriculture. As an important part of animal husbandry, beef industry was developed very quickly. Percentage of beef yield in total meat production was increasing from 1 percent in 1982 to 8.43 percent at present, total beef yield amounted to more than 5 million tons. Cattle is a small part of domestic animal populations in China, so cattle production should be dominantly developed in industrialization structure adjustment. In China, beef cattle amounted to 90 percent, while 80 percent beef cattle are dispersing agriculture areas with its own particular characteristics, which means China beef industry is different from concentrate type in North America and grassland type in Australia. In past 20 years, China beef yield was increasing more than 9.1 percent per year, which is far higher than that of global mean. According to current situation, China beef yield will amount to 6.5 million tons, which is higher than that of the second beef production country, Brazil. By 2016, China beef yield will amount to 10 million tons. Even at that time, main market of Chinese beef products is mainly domestic and beef production is still a main economic income of Chinese farmers.