枣不同品种花粉发芽特性及人工授粉研究

对4个枣品种单花不同发育阶段的花粉发芽特性、不同干燥处理方法对花粉发芽率的影响及人工辅助授粉的效果进行了研究.结果表明:‘临猗梨枣,初开期花粉发芽率最高,‘苹果枣’、‘晋枣’、‘辣椒枣’在蕾黄期花粉发芽率最高.在烘箱35℃烘干12 h与日光灯照射干燥12 h的花粉发芽率无显著差异,均显著高于在常温放置下的花粉发芽率.人工授粉后,‘冬枣,和‘雄性不育1号,(MSN1)的坐果率(吊果率)分别达102.5％、88.1％,显著高于自花授粉和自然授粉的对照(分别为33.6％、24.3％)；‘雄性不育1号’人工授粉后的含仁率(50％)亦显著高于自花授粉的对照(0)；单一花粉(‘临猗梨枣’)和混合花粉(‘苹果枣’、‘晋枣’、‘辣椒枣’)的授粉效果因品种而异.不同授粉方式对‘雄性不育1号’(无花粉)的吊果率和含仁率影响很大,点授花粉后的吊果率为88.1％、含仁率为50％,均显著高于液体喷粉.花粉育性很低的‘冬枣’成熟花粉粒形状多为椭圆形,萌发孔1个；‘雄性不育1号’小孢子在四分体时期后,出现未成熟花粉粒退化消失现象.

Pollen germination characteristics and artificial pollination between cultivars in Chinese jujube

Four Chinese jujube cultivars were used to study pollen germination characteristics at different stages of single flower development.Effect of different drying treatments on pollen fertility and artificial pollination were also compared.The results are as follows: The pollen germination rate of 'Linyilizao' was the highest in initial flowering stage,but that of 'Pingguozao','Jinzao' and 'Lajiaozao' reached the highest on yellow bud stage.There was no significant difference in pollen germination rate between drying in oven and under daylight lamp,and both germination rates were higher than that of drying at room temperature.After artificial pollination,the fruiting rate of 'Dongzao' and 'MSN1' increased from 33.6%(CK) to 102.5% and from 24.3%(CK) to 88.1% respectively,but seeding rate of 'MSN1' reached up to 50% from 0(CK).The pollination effects of 'Linyilizao' pollen and mixed pollens of 'Pingguozao','Jinzao' and 'Lajiaozao' were depended on cultivars.The types of pollination had an important effect on fruit setting and seeding rate in 'MSN1'which is male sterile.Fruit setting rate and seeding rate of pollinating individually were 88.1% and 50% respectively,both were higher than that of fluid spraying.The pollens of 'Dongzao' were elliptical and one-aperture.The immature pollens of 'MSN1'were found to degrade after tetrad of microspore meiosis.