安徽东至县主要栽培食(药)用菌重金属调查分析

由于食(药)用菌富含多糖等带负电荷的高分子物质,对重金属有吸附能力,所以其重金属含量是农产品安全的热点问题。采用实地随机抽样的方式在安徽省东至县采集当地大规模栽培的灵芝(Ganoderma lingzhi)、黑木耳(Auricularia heimuer)和香菇(Lentinula edodes)样品共62个,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定铅(Pb)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)和硒(Se)含量,采用原子荧光分光光度法测定汞(Hg)含量。结果表明,砷、镉、铅和汞含量全部检测数据远低于国家相关标准规定的限量;硒有效检出率为37.1%,最高含量为0.797 mg·kg-1;方差分析结果表明,重金属种类、食(药)用菌种类两因素对于重金属含量影响呈显著相关,且两者间存在交互作用;灵芝与香菇对砷、镉、铅和汞的吸附特性非常一致,而黑木耳表现出显著差异,尤其对铅有相对高的吸附特征。安徽省东至县由于得天独厚的自然生态优势,适宜食(药)用菌的大规模栽培,食(药)用菌产业可以安全、健康地发展。

Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Mainly Cultivated Edible and Medicinal Fungi of Dongzhi County in Anhui Province

As the edible and medicinal fungi are rich in negatively charged macromolecules, such as polysaccharides, they have some capacity of adsorbing heavy metals. Heavy metal content in edible and medicinal fungi is always a hot issue of agricultural products safety. A total of 62 samples of Ganoderma lingzhi, Auricularia heimuer and Lentinula edodes massively planted in Dongzhi county, Anhui province were collected randomly. The contents of lead(Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium(Cd) and selenium (Se) were determined respectively by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as the content of mercury(Hg) was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that, the respective contents of Pb, As, Cd, and Hg were far below the limits stipulated in national standard for food safety. The valid detectable rate of Se was 37.1%, and the highest content was 0.797 mg·kg^-1. The results of variance analysis showed that, the factors of heavy metal kinds and fungi kinds had significant effects on heavy metal content levels, and there was interaction between the kinds of heavy metal and fun gi. The adsorbing characteristics of G. lingzhi and L. edodes were very consistent, while that of A. heimuer showed significant differences, especially for adsorbing Pb. Due to the natural and ecological advantages in Dongzhi county, edible and medicinal fungi are suitable for large-scale cultivating there to support the healthy development of edible and medicinal fungi industry.