甘孜州沙德松茸的营养风味物质与安全性分析

采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析法对甘孜州沙德松茸中的挥发性成分进行检测分析,采用相对气味活度值(ROAV)法判定其关键风味物质,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)微波消解法检测样品中的无机元素以及重金属元素含量,按照相应国家标准或行业标准检测其营养素含量.结果 显示,沙德松茸中含有31种挥发性物质,主要包括醇类、醛类、酯类和酮类化合物;相对含量最高的是3-辛醇(13.34%),其次是苯甲醛(11.90%);关键挥发性成分为1-辛烯-3-酮和1-辛烯3-醇.微量元素共检测到9种,其中含量最高的为镁元素(978.36 mg·kg^-1),其次为铁元素(241.44 mg·kg^-1).沙德松茸含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的31.90%.其余营养成分为多糖(0.41%)、脂质(4.38%)、蛋白质(20.47%)、灰分(5.80%).沙德松茸中的铅元素和无机砷元素未超标,铬、镉和汞元素出现轻微超标现象.

Analysis of Nutrient Flavor and Safety of Tricholoma matsutake of Shade in Ganzi Prefecture

In this paper, gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect and analyze the volatile compo nents of Tricholoma matsutake in Shade of Ganzi Prefecture. Identification of key flavor substances were determined by relative odor activity value (ROAV) method. The contents of inorganic elements and heavy metals in the samples were determined by in ductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) microwave digestion. The nutrient content was detected by the corre sponding national standard or industry standard. The results showed that, there were 31 volatile substances in the fresh products of T. matsutake, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons and esters, and the highest relative content was 3-octanol (13.34%), followed by benzaldehyde(11.90%). The key volatile component were 1 -octene-3-ketone and l-octene-3-ol. 9 kinds of trace elements were detected. The most significant content was 978.36 mg·kg^-1 of magnesium, followed by Fe (241.44 mg·kg^-1). T. matsutake contains 17 kinds of amino acids, of which the content of essential amino acids accounts for 31.90% of the total amino acids. And the other nutrients were polysaccharide(0.41 %), lipids(4.38%), protein(20.47%) and ash(5.80%). Lead and in organic arsenic in T. matsutake did not exceed the standard, and the chromium, cadmium and mercury elements are slightly over-standard.