不同种植方式对冬小麦花后干物质积累与分配特征及产量的影响

为探索不同种植方式对冬小麦干物质积累、转运与分配特征及产量的影响,选用大穗型小麦品种农大1108为试验材料,研究在大田生产中主要的4种种植方式(穴播、撒播、窄幅条播和宽幅条播)对冬小麦花后各器官干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明,4种种植方式下花后各器官的干物质积累量变化趋势基本一致,且均表现为窄幅条播显著高于其他3组处理;窄幅条播主要通过提高花后干物质同化量及其对籽粒的贡献率而获得高产;与宽幅条播相比,窄幅条播花后营养器官干物质积累量及干物质在籽粒中的积累量分别增加45.59%和19.44%;与穴播和撒播相比,窄幅条播产量分别提高17.25%和11.39%;花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率表现为穴播最高,达到80.26%。不同种植方式对冬小麦籽粒的灌浆速率影响不大,表现为各处理间千粒重差异不显著。

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution Post-Anthesis and Yield of Winter Wheat

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different planting patterns on dry matter accumulation and distribution in post-anthesis and yield of winter wheat. A large-spike cultivar Nongda 1108 and four planting patterns, i.e. bunch planting, broadcast sowing,narrow drilling and wide drilling were used in the field experiment. The results showed that the trend of dry matter accumulation and distribution in different organs after anthesis were similar, and narrow drilling had significantly higher dry matter accumulation than other three treatments. Compared with wide drilling, the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in grain and other vegetative organ of narrow drilling was increased by 19.44% and 45.59%, respectively. The grain yield under narrow drilling was increased by 28.1% and 23.5%, respectively, compared with that under bunch planting and broadcost sowing.Contribution of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain was the highest under bunch planting,which reached to 80.26%.In addition,no significant difference was found in 1 000-grain weight among different planting patterns, which indicated that the grain filling rate of winter wheat was slightly affected by planting patterns.