土壤水分下限对固定道垄作小麦生长及产量的影响

为确定固定道垄作小麦生长和高产的适宜土壤水分下限,通过田间裂区试验,设置了4个土壤水分下限水平(分别为计划湿润层土壤田间持水量的40%、55%、70%和85%),研究了传统耕作和固定道垄作方式下土壤水分下限对小麦叶面积系数、干物质积累、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,固定道垄作栽培能够明显提高小麦的叶面积指数和促进干物质积累,增加产量和水分利用效率。在土壤水分下限为田间持水量的70%时,固定道垄作栽培的小麦叶面积指数和干物质积累量较大,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量最大,水分利用效率也较高。综合来看,在河西绿洲灌区,固定道垄作小麦的适宜土壤水分下限为田间持水量的70%。

Influence of Lower Limit of Soil Moisture on Growth and Yield of Wheat under Permanent Raised Bed Tillage

The aim of this project was todeterminethe appropriate soil water threshold on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under permanent raised bed tillage (PRB). A field experimentwas carried out to assess the effects of different soil water thresholdunder PRB and conventional farming systems (CF) on leaf area index (LAI),dry matter,yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat. The experiment followed a completely randomized split-plot design,taking soil water threshold(T1: 40% of the field capacity,T2: 55% of the field capacity,T3: 70% of the field capacity,CK: 85% of the field capacity) as main plot treatments.The results show that PRB tillage could significantly increase LAI and dry matter accumulation of spring wheat,and it also increased yield and improvedWUE.When the threshold is 70% of the field capacity,it is conductive to the increase of the leaf area index and the accumulation of dry matter.The yield components,such asnumber of spikes,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight and yield are the highest,which was the same as WUE.Therefore,based on the growth and grain yield of spring wheat,PRB tillage under 70% field capacity would be the most appropriate soil water threshold for the growth and yield of spring wheat.