圆形喷灌机条件下不同灌水施肥量对冬小麦产量的影响

为探究圆形喷灌机条件下不同灌水施肥量对冬小麦产量、耗水量、茎数等指标的影响,本研究在北京顺义地区开展了田间试验。试验设置2个因素,3个灌水量水平S1、S2、S3(1 950、1 725、1 500m3/hm2)和2个施氮水平F1、F2(286.20、336.30kg/hm2),根据土壤含水率占田间持水量(FC)的百分率来设置灌水水平,在返青期、拔节期、灌浆期的灌水下限依次设定为75%FC、80%FC、65%FC。结果表明:当灌水量一定时,冬小麦叶面积指数、有效茎数随施肥量的增加而增加,但其耗水量、产量受肥料的影响不显著;当施肥量一定时,冬小麦产量在不同水处理下有显著性差异。试验测得最大产量的处理为S1F1,比对照组半固定式喷灌增产35%。水肥耦合对冬小麦产量的影响效应中,灌水量起主导作用,建议该地区冬小麦可以采用高水低肥的灌溉施肥模式。

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Amount on Winter Wheat Yield under Center Pivot Irrigation System

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different irrigation and fertilization amount on yield,water con-sumption,stem number of winter wheat under center pivot irrigation system at Shunyi District,Beijing.The experiment set two fac-tors,three irrigation water levels,namely S1、S2、S3(1 950、1 725、1 500 m3/hm2 ),and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer,namely F1,F2 (286.20,336.30 kg/hm2 ).Irrigation was conducted according to proportion of soil water content of field capacity (FC).And lower limit of irrigation for green stage,jointing stage and filling stage were 75%FC,80%FC,65%FC,respectively.The results indica-ted that the leaf area index and effective stem number of the winter wheat increased with the increasing of fertilization amounts,when the irrigation amount was constant.But the water consumption and yield were not affected by the fertilizer greatly.There was a sig-nificant difference for the yield under different irrigation treatments when the fertilization amount was constant.The maximum yield of the experiment was at the treatment of S1 F1 ,and it was larger than control group under semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system, with the yield increase of 35%.Thus the water amount played a leading role in coupling effects of water and fertilizer on the winter wheat yield.So it was recommended to use the fertigation mode with high water and low fertilization amount in this area.