鲁北平原引黄典型区地下水埋深时空变异规律及开采适宜性分析

揭示区域地下水埋深的时空变异规律及开采适宜性,对于实现地下水资源的可持续利用具有重要的意义。以山东省德州市为研究区,借助GIS技术和统计学方法,在分析该区近10a(2005-2014年)地下水埋深基本特征、年际变化规律和空间分布格局的基础上,以地下水临界深度、漏斗区、超采区为评价指标,研究地下水开采的适宜性。结果表明:1研究区地下水埋深普遍较浅,10a的平均埋深为4.6m,但各县区存在较大的差异,并且在10a间,地下水埋深变化波动较大,7个县区的CV大于10%,达到中等变异程度;2研究区10a间地下水埋深下降趋势明显,除庆云县、禹城市、齐河县和武城县外,其他区域达显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)水平;3研究区2005、2009和2013年的地下水埋深空间分布格局相似,但也存在明显的区别,非漏斗区(埋深≤6m)面积逐渐增大,浅层地下水降落漏斗(埋深6m)的范围不断缩小;4研究区的可大量开采区主要位于庆元县、禹城市、齐河县等县区,总面积为2 290km~2,适宜开采区主要位于中部、东北部和西部,总面积为3 790km~2,限采区在各县区均有分布,总面积为4 289km~2。

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation Laws of Groundwater Depth and Exploitation Suitability in Yellow River Typical Area of Northern Shandong Plain

Revealing the spatiotemporal variations laws of groundwater depth and exploitation suitability is of great significance in sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.Taking Dezhou city as a research area,with the help of GIS technology and statisti-cal methods,the basic characteristics,the interannual change laws and the spatial distribution patterns of groundwater depth from 2005 to 2014 are analyzed,then taking critical depth of groundwater,funnel area and overexploited area as evaluation indexes,this paper investigates the exploitation suitability of groundwater.The results indicate that:① the groundwater depth of research area is generally shallow and the average depth of 10 years is 4.6m.However,there are also many large differences in all counties,besides, the depth in recent 10 years strongly fluctuates and the coefficients of variation of 7 counties are more than 10 percent,belonging to a moderate variation degree;② overall,the groundwater depth of study area has decreased remarkably for 10 years and the decrea-sing tendency reach significant level (P<0.05)or extremely significant level (P<0.01)except Qingyun county,Yucheng city,Qi-he county and Wucheng county;③ the distribution patters of 2005,2009 and 2013 is similar,but they also show obvious differences that the non-funnel zone of groundwater (depth≤6 m)gradually expands and the area of groundwater funnel (depth>6 m)constantly re-duces;④ the region,2 290 km2 ,where groundwater can be largely exploited,is mainly located in Qingyun county,Yucheng city,Qihe county and so on.In the central,the northeast and the west of research area where the area is 3 790 km2 ,the groundwater can be suitably exploited.There are some districts where the utilization of groundwater must be restricted in each county,and the total area is 4 289 km2 .