水肥调控对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性的影响

为寻找到合理的灌溉制度和施肥水平,实现设施延后栽培葡萄的优质高产,就3个施肥水平(高肥、中肥、低肥)和4个灌水水平(丰水、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫)对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性及产量品质的影响进行了研究。研究表明,水肥调控对葡萄植株茎粗影响不显著,中肥水平轻度和中度水分胁迫条件下茎粗增长率较高。灌水下限对横径膨大速率的影响呈显著相关,施肥水平对纵径膨大速率的影响呈显著相关,中肥中度水分胁迫条件下葡萄膨大速率最大。水分亏缺和增肥使植株叶片和果实内POD、SOD活性及脯氨酸质量分数升高,施肥水平对各项抗逆性指标的影响呈显著相关,中肥中水条件下各项抗逆性指标较为优质。葡萄产量、可溶性固形物及糖酸比随施肥量的增加先增大后减小,可滴定酸、维生素C及花色苷含量随施肥量增加而增加,葡萄产量和品质随水分亏缺先增长后下降。综合考虑各项情况,中肥(N、P、K分别为161.92、53.97和44.98 kg/hm2)和中度胁迫(灌水下线为土壤相对含水率55%~60%)处理组合为最优。

Effects of Fertigation Treatment on Growth Characteristic of Greenhouse Grape under Delayed Phonological Period

To find the reasonable irrigation schedule and the fertilizer levels of the delayed cultivation grape and then attaining its high quality and yield, the effects on growth characters and quality of grape were studied based on 3 fertilization levels ( high, middle and low ) and 4 ir-rigation ways ( sufficient water supply, mild water deficit, moderate water deficit and the sever water deficit) . The results show that fertigation treatments have no significant influence on grape's plant stem diameter, and the stem diameter growth rate is higher under the mild and the moderate water deficit;the growth rate of transverse diameter is apparently correlated with the lowest bound of water irrigation, while the lon-gitudinal diameter's growth rate has the significant contact with the fertilization levels, the largest growth rate appears in both the middle fer-tilizer and the mild water deficit;water deficit and increasing fertilization will increase the POD, SOD enzyme activity and the proline mass fraction;fertigation treatment is obviously correlated with the resistance index, and each resistance index is more excellent under the condi-tion of middle fertilization and the mild water deficit;with the increase of fertilizer application rate, the grape's yield and quality, soluble sol-id and sugar-acid ratio will increase first and then decrease, but the content of the titratable acid, vitamin C and the anthocyanin will contin-ue increase, the grape's yield and quality will increase first and then decrease under the condition of water deficit. Synthesizes each situation, the most excellent treatment is the combination of the middle fertilization (N, P, K are 161.92、53.97 and 44.98 kg/hm2) and the moderate water deficit ( the lowest limit of water irrigation is the soil water rate in 55%~60%) .