蓄水坑灌条件下不同灌水下限幼龄苹果树耗水特性及作物系数的试验研究

以三年生矮砧红富士为试验材料,利用水量平衡方程和彭曼-蒙特斯公式(Penman-Monteith)计算幼龄苹果树全生育期的实际耗水量和参考作物蒸发蒸腾量,探明了蓄水坑灌条件下不同灌水下限幼龄苹果树的耗水特性及作物系数变化规律。结果表明:1CK、T_2、T_3处理全生育期耗水量差异不大,分别为327.40、322.60和314.10mm;T_1处理最小为296.40mm。生育期内各处理耗水量均呈中间大,两头小的"纺锤形"分布,生育中期(7-9月)的耗水模数为69.43%~75.44%,此阶段是幼龄苹果树的需水关键期。2CK、T_2、T_3处理幼树作物系数全生育期内呈双峰分布,初始生育期缓慢增长;花芽分化期,略有下降;快速生育期,作物系数持续增长并在生育中期达到峰值;成熟期,作物系数迅速减小;T1处理幼树作物系数全生育期内呈单峰分布,除7月外,其余时期都小于其他处理;不同处理幼树作物系数均在9月达到峰值。3蓄水坑灌比地面灌溉具有更强的蓄水保墒能力。

Study on Water Consumption Characteristics and Crop Coefficients of Young Apple Trees at Different Lower Limit of Irrigation under Water Storage Pit Irrigation Conditions

This study investigated the variation patterns of the water consumption characteristics and crop coefficients of triennial dwarf stock Red Fuj i apple trees with different lower limits of irrigation under the conditions of water storage pit irrigation by using the method of water balance equation and Penman-Monteith formula to calculate the actual water consumption amount of the apple saplings in the whole growing period.The results showed that:① there were little differences among the water consumption in the whole growing period with CK,T2 and T3 treatments,which were 327.40,322.60 and 314.10 mm,respectively,with the lowest water consumption in T1 treatment (296.40 mm).During the growing period,the distribution of water consumption graphs of all treatments presented as spindle-shaped graphs with higher coordinate values in the middle and lower in both ends.During the middle growth stage (July-September),the key water requirement time of apple saplings,the water consumption module values were 69.43%~75.44%.② the apple saplings with CK,T2 and T3 treatments presented little differences in the crop coefficients and ba-sically the same variation patterns:slow increase in the initial growing period,slight decrease in the stage of flower bud differentia-tion,continuous increase of the crop coefficients during the rapid growing period with the peak value in the middle growth stage, rapid decrease in the mature period,and typical bimodal distribution of the crop coefficients during the whole growing period.The variation pattern of the crop coefficients of the apple saplings with T1 treatment presented unimodal distribution with lower values in all periods compared with other treatments except that of July.And crop coefficients of the apple saplings with all the treatments reached the peak values in September.③ Compared with surface irrigation,water storage pit irrigation significantly improved water storage and soil moisture conservation.