基于保证生态需水的生态补偿标准研究——以塔里木河干流为例

探讨新疆塔里木河干流保证生态需水限制种植业发展应付出的生态补偿标准问题。根据经济学弹性原理,筛选与种植业相关经济指标作为单项、综合机会成本,预测种植业发展受限下机会成本因子的受限值。最后,通过生态补偿标准大于地方政府、农户的机会成本原理构建生态补偿标准模型。若要限制种植业发展,种植业发展的单项、综合机会成本为566 535万元、2 855 746万元;生态补偿标准每年不低于1 756 779万元。解决农业用水与生态用水的矛盾,还应从构建以农户为单位的水资源产权和交易制度,建立综合的水资源管理体制,农业发展向低耗水的生态农业转变等方面探索。

Planting Industry Ecological Compensation Standard Study Based on Guarantee Ecological Water A Case Study of the Mainstream of Tarim River Basin

This paper aims to study ecology compensation standard of guarantee ecological water and limiting planting industry in the Tarim River Basin.According to elastic principle of economic,several economic indexes related to planting industry are selected as single and comprehensive opportunity cost indexes to forecast the normal value of opportunity cost factors under planting industry limited condition.And an ecological compensation standard model is established based on the principle that the ecological compensa-tion standard is greater than the opportunity costs of local governments and farmers.The results show that if the planting industry development is limited,it will lead to single and comprehensive opportunity cost by 5 665.35 million Yuan and 28 557.46 million Yuan;the ecological compensation standard of the mainstream of Tarim River Basin is more than 17 567.79 million Yuan per year. To thoroughly solve the contradiction between planting industry water and ecology water of mainstream of Tarim River Basin,the water property and trade mechanism with a farmer as an unit should be constructed,the comprehensive water resources management system should be established and the ecological agriculture should be developed.